Autophagic Fungal Cell Death Is Necessary for Infection by the Rice Blast Fungus

Veneault‐Fourrey, Claire; Barooah, Madhumita; Egan, Martin J.; Wakley, Gavin E.; Talbot, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1126/science.1124550

Cited by 460 publications

(556 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

537

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, autophagic cell death is required for degradation of conidia and thus fungal pathogenicity, which can be inhibited by knockout of ATG8. 43 In Drosophila melanogaster, knockouts of ATG1, ATG2 and ATG18 demonstrated the requirement of autophagy for mid gut cell death. 45 In Caenorhabiditis elegans, autophagosome formation is required for necrotic cell death of neurons, which has been shown to be inhibited by knockout of ATG1 or RNAi knockdown of ATG6, ATG8 and ATG18.…”

Section: Autophagy In Plant Immunity and Hypersensitive Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the conidium of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea undergoes autophagic cell death to establish an infection and, accordingly, M. oryzae atg8 null-mutants are unable to infect plants. 43 In Drosophila, physiological cell death of the salivary gland requires the action of ATG genes 44 and autophagy is essential for midgut cell death as well. 45 In C. elegans, necrotic breakdown of neurons is autophagy-dependent and necrotic cell death is accompanied by elevated autophagic activity.…”

Section: Autophagy and Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of autophagy in disease resistance and hypersensitive response-associated cell death

Hofius

Munch²,

Bressendorff³

et al. 2011

Cell Death Differ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ancient autophagy pathways are emerging as key defense modules in host eukaryotic cells against microbial pathogens. Apart from actively eliminating intracellular intruders, autophagy is also responsible for cell survival, for example by reducing the deleterious effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress. At the same time, autophagy can contribute to cellular suicide. The concurrent engagement of autophagy in these processes during infection may sometimes mask its contribution to differing pro-survival and pro-death decisions. The importance of autophagy in innate immunity in mammals is well documented, but how autophagy contributes to plant innate immunity and cell death is not that clear. A few research reports have appeared recently to shed light on the roles of autophagy in plant-pathogen interactions and in disease-associated host cell death. We present a first attempt to reconcile the results of this research. Cell Death and Differentiation (2011) 18, 1257-1262 doi:10.1038/cdd.2011 published online 29 April 2011 Autophagy mediates the degradation of bulk proteins and is also involved in the clearance of damaged organelles, insoluble protein aggregates and lipids. 1-3 Autophagic digestion and recycling can occur as a survival mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis and to respond to environmental stresses, such as nutrient depletion or pathogen attack, but may also function as a mediator and/or mechanism of programmed cell death. [4][5][6][7][8] Several subtypes of autophagy are described, but macroautophagy (hereafter termed autophagy) is the most extensively studied 9 and will be the only form described here. The process is characterized by the formation of large, double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. These structures arise from expanding single membranes (termed phagophores), which enclose cytoplasmic material and organelles for degradation. Completed autophagosomes fuse with the vacuole/lysosome to release the inner singlemembrane vesicle, called the autophagic body, into the lumen for hydrolytic degradation and recycling. 2,10 The mechanism of autophagy is conserved in yeast, plants and metazoans, and involves the action of canonical autophagy related genes (ATG) that synthesize and coordinate membrane rearrangements to allow cellular catabolism. 1,2 The core sets of ATG genes seem to be present in all eukaryotes and to be essential for the autophagy pathway (Figure 1). For instance, induction of autophagy requires the negative regulator target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase and the ATG1 kinase complex, which control the activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex containing, for example, ATG6/Beclin1. 11 Initiation and completion of autophagosome formation involves two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems to produce ATG12-ATG5 and ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (ATG8-PE) conjugates. ATG8-PE conjugation involves the cysteine proteinase ATG4 and the E1-like protein ATG7, and lipidated ATG8 is linked to and translocated with autophagosomes to the vacuole. 12 Therefore, conversion from solu...

show abstract

Section: Autophagy In Plant Immunity and Hypersensitive Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autophagy and Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of autophagy in disease resistance and hypersensitive response-associated cell death

Hofius

Munch²,

Bressendorff³

et al. 2011

Cell Death Differ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A polarised germ tube develops, and the fungus forms a melanised dome-shaped cell called an appressorium in the presence of the appropriate extracellular physical and chemical signals, for instance, hydrophobicity of the leaf surface (Veneault-Fourrey et al 2006; Ryder and Talbot 2015). The most apical nucleus of the conidium undergoes mitosis, and one nucleus migrates to the incipient appressorium, followed by autophagy of the conidium (Veneault-Fourrey et al 2006; Saunders et al 2010a). It remains unknown if extracellular cues trigger mitosis during appressorium development.…”

Section: Early Events In Rice Blast Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incongruent descriptions of the exact location of mitosis at this infection stage exist in the literature. Two previous reports describe the appressorial nucleus migrating from the appressorium into the primary hypha and then undergoing mitosis, rendering the appressorium anucleate for a time (Veneault-Fourrey et al 2006; Fernandez et al 2014). However, later work reports mitosis as most commonly occurring within the appressorium (Jenkinson et al 2017; Osés-Ruiz et al 2017; Shipman et al 2017).…”

Section: Early Events In Rice Blast Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nuclear contortionist: the mitotic migration ofMagnaporthe oryzaenuclei during plant infection

Pfeifer

Khang

2018

Mycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnaporthe oryzae is a filamentous fungus, which causes significant destruction to cereal crops worldwide. To infect plant cells, the fungus develops specialised constricted structures such as the penetration peg and the invasive hyphal peg. Live-cell imaging of M. oryzae during plant infection reveals that nuclear migration occurs during intermediate mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope neither completely disassembles nor remains entirely intact. Remarkably, in M. oryzae, mitotic nuclei show incredible malleability while undergoing confined migration through the constricted penetration and invasive hyphal pegs. Here, we review early events in plant infection, discuss intermediate mitosis, and summarise current knowledge of intermediate mitotic nuclear migration in M. oryzae.

show abstract

“…Conversely, there is also considerable evidence to suggest that autophagy may also have a "pro-death" function. Consequently, we were concerned when Cacas and Diamond stated that "there are only two examples published thus far showing that the successful execution of PCD (programmed cell death) requires functional autophagy machinery in vivo: the work of Berry and Baehrecke 6 on degradation of salivary gland cells in Drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster), and that of Veneault-Fourrey et al 7 reporting on cell death associated with spore germination of the rice blast fungus". In fact, there have been many studies carried out on C. elegans 8 , HeLa cells 9 , mouse embryonic fibroblasts 10 and murine fibrosarcoma cells 11 in which the genetic or chemical ablation of autophagy components suppresses cell death; thereby illustrating that in many situations autophagy is a requirement of PCD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Cacas and Diamond: Is the autophagy machinery an executioner of programmed cell death in plants?

Love

Milner

Sadanandom

2009

Trends in Plant Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autophagic Fungal Cell Death Is Necessary for Infection by the Rice Blast Fungus

Cited by 460 publications

References 16 publications

Role of autophagy in disease resistance and hypersensitive response-associated cell death

Role of autophagy in disease resistance and hypersensitive response-associated cell death

A nuclear contortionist: the mitotic migration ofMagnaporthe oryzaenuclei during plant infection

Response to Cacas and Diamond: Is the autophagy machinery an executioner of programmed cell death in plants?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About