Autophagy Involved in Antiviral Activity of Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus Infection <i>in vitro</i>

Sun, Na; Sun, Panpan; Yao, M.; Khan, Abad; Sun, Yaogui; Fan, Kuohai; Li, Hongquan

doi:10.3851/imp3268

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…So, we concluded that STS promoted RSV replication in general. Our results were different with that of Sun N et al [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], implying that the effect of STS may differ amongst viruses, which need to be further studied.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…They found that STS at 31.25-250μg/ml could effectively inhibit the MDV replication in chicken embryo broblasts cells in a dose-dependent manner, mainly by inhibition the expression of several virus genes and proteins. Meanwhile, the same researchers also demonstrated the anti-PRRSV effect of STS by using Marc-145 cells and found 62.5 μg/ml STS showed the antiviral effect, and the potential mechanism may due to the anti-apoptosis and anti-autophagy [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In recent years, STS was reported to have the antiviral activity for viruses such as Marek's disease virus (MDV) [16][17][18][19], Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) [20][21][22]. However, no studies have focused on the effects of STS on RSV replication so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Promotes RSV Replication by Type I Interferon-Independent Mechanism in Vitro

Ye¹,

Jin²,

Yang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of viral respiratory tract infection in young children and elderly worldwide. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is reported to have antiviral effect on some viruses. However, the effect of STS on RSV replication is still unknown. MethodsTo investigate the effect of STS on RSV replication, RSV infected A549 cell model was first established and treated with different concentration of STS (12.5，25，50，100 and 200μg/ml).CPE, virus titer and RSV N protein were detected. Cytotoxicity of STS on A549 cells were performed. Then Different cell lines (16HBE and BEAS-2B) were also used to investigate the effect of STS on RSV replication. The Type I-IFN-associated protein (IFN-α, IFN-β and IP-10) were also detected by ELISA, and IFN-deficient Vero cells were also used to investigate the role of IFN response in STS-modulated RSV replication.ResultsLow concentration of STS potently promoted RSV replication in vitro by increasing virus titers and the expression of RSV N protein, and 25μg/ml STS reached the maximum effect. While high concentration of STS (200μg/ml) effectively inhibited virus replication but it may due to the effect of cytotoxicity. STS treatment (25μg/ml) also showed the same effect in 16HBE and BEAS-2B cells. STS treatment did not impaired Type I interferon (IFN) induction and also promoted RSV replication in IFN-deficient Vero cells.ConclusionSTS promoted RSV replication in vitro by IFN-independent mechanism. Our results indicated that STS treatment should be avoided in clinical RSV-related diseases.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Promotes RSV Replication by Type I Interferon-Independent Mechanism in Vitro

Ye¹,

Jin²,

Yang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Tanshinone IIA could attenuate LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting TLR4/NF- κ B/MAPKs signaling pathway [ 47 ]. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate had been reported to show anti-PRRSV activity by suppressing Atg5, Atg7, and Beclin1 genes in vitro , all of which were related to autophagy [ 48 ]. In a word, a large number of studies have suggested the efficacy of HSXFF in preventing COVID-19 with antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the active compounds and mechanism of HuaShi XuanFei formula for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis

Wang

Peng

et al. 2021

Mol Divers

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Graphic abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has exerted positive effects in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. HuaShi XuanFei Formula (HSXFF) was developed to treat patients with mild and general COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, China. The present study seeks to explore its potentially active compounds and pharmacological mechanisms against COVID-19 based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. All components of HSXFF were harvested from the pharmacology database of the TCMSP system. COVID-19-related targets were retrieved from using OMIM and GeneCards databases. The herb-compound-targets network was constructed by Cytoscape. The target protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed to discover the potential key target genes and mechanism. The main active compounds of HSXFF were docked with 3C-like (3CL) protease hydrolase and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The MD simulation confirmed the binding stability of docking results. The herbs-targets network mainly contained 52 compounds and 70 corresponding targets, including key targets such as RELA, TNF, TP53, IL6, MAPK1, CXCL8, IL-1 β , and MAPK14. The GO and KEGG indicated that HSXFF may be mainly acting on the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF- κ B signaling pathway, etc. The molecular docking results indicated that isovitexin and procyanidin B1 showed the highest affinity with 3CL and ACE2, respectively, which were confirmed by MD simulation. These findings suggested HSXFF exerted therapeutic effects involving “multi-compounds and multi-targets.” It might be working through directly inhibiting the virus, improving immune function, and reducing the inflammatory in response to anti-COVID-19. In summary, the present study would provide a valuable direction for further research of HSXFF.

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“…Many natural compounds have the antiviral activity against African swine fever virus [4], H1N1 [5], porcine parvovirus [6], infectious bursal disease virus [7] and Marek's disease virus [8,9]. Ginsenoside Rg1 [10], Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate [11], tea seed saponins [12], Dipotassium Glycyrrhetate [13] and Xanthohumol [14] were selected as a potential drug candidate to treat PRRS. Polysaccharide of Sargassum weizhouense [15], Epigallocatechin Gallate [16], saponins [17] and Astragalus polysaccharides [18] inhibit PCV2 replication in vitro and in mice.…”

Section: Screening Of Antiviral Natural Compounds Extracted From Tradmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrine exhibits antiviral activity in a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected mouse model

Sun

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundPRRSV and PCV2 co-infection is very common in swine industry which results in huge economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is used to prevent viral diseases, immunosuppression induced by PRRSV and PCV2 leads to vaccine failure. Our previous results have demonstrated that Matrine possessed antiviral activities against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro. To establish a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected KM mouse model and evaluate the antiviral activities of Matrine against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. A total of 144 KM mice were randomly divided into six groups with 24 mice in each group, named as: normal control, PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected group (PRRSV/PCV2 group), Ribavirin treatment positive control (Ribavirin control) and Matrine treatment groups (Matrine 40 mg/kg, Matrine 20 mg/kg and Matrine 10 mg/kg). Except normal control group, all mice in other five groups were inoculated with PRRSV, followed by PCV2 at 2 h later. At 7 days post-infection (dpi), mice in the treatment groups were intraperitoneally administered with various doses of Matrine and Ribavirin, twice a day for 5 consecutive days. ResultsPRRSV N and PCV2 CAP genes were detected by PCR in multiple tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus and inguinal lymph nodes. The viral load of PCV2 was the highest in liver followed by thymus and spleen. Although PRRSV were detected in most of the tissues, but the replication of PRRSV was not significantly increased, as shown by qPCR analysis. Comparing with PCV2 infection alone, PRRSV infection significantly elevated PCV2 replication and also exacerbated PCV2 induced interstitial pneumonia. qPCR analysis demonstrated that 40 mg/ml Matrine significantly attenuated PCV2 replication in liver and alleviated virus induced interstitial pneumonia, suggesting that Matrine could directly inhibit virus replication. In addition, Matrine treatment enhanced peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis at 13 and 16 dpi, and 40 mg/kg of Matrine increased the proliferation activity of lymphocytes. Body weight gain was continuously promoted by administrating Matrine at 10 mg/kg.ConclusionMatrine possessed antiviral activities via inhibiting virus replication and regulating immune functions in mice co-infected by PRRSV/PCV2. These data provide new insight into controlling PRRSV and PCV2 infection and support further the research for developing Matrine as a new possible veterinary medicine.

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Autophagy Involved in Antiviral Activity of Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus Infection in vitro

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Promotes RSV Replication by Type I Interferon-Independent Mechanism in Vitro

Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Promotes RSV Replication by Type I Interferon-Independent Mechanism in Vitro

Investigating the active compounds and mechanism of HuaShi XuanFei formula for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis

Matrine exhibits antiviral activity in a PRRSV/PCV2 co-infected mouse model

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