Autoradiographic distribution of 125I-galanin binding sites in the rat central nervous system

Skofitsch, Gerhard; Sills, Matthew A.; Jacobowitz, David M.

doi:10.1016/0196-9781(86)90133-6

Cited by 297 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…The neuropeptide galanin (Melander et al 1986b) and galanin binding sites (Melander et al 1986a;Skofitsch et al 1986) are present in most norepinephrine containing neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC), a brain area that plays a role in opiate dependence and the expression of somatic withdrawal symptoms (Aghajanian 1978;Nestler 1992). In vitro studies have shown that activation of galanin receptors inhibits the spontaneous firing of LC neurons (Pieribone et al 1995;Seutin et al 1989;Sevcik et al 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of Galanin Binding Sites and GalR1 mRNA Levels in the Mouse Locus Coeruleus Following Chronic Morphine Treatments and Precipitated Morphine Withdrawal

Zachariou

Thome

Parikh

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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confidence: 99%

Upregulation of Galanin Binding Sites and GalR1 mRNA Levels in the Mouse Locus Coeruleus Following Chronic Morphine Treatments and Precipitated Morphine Withdrawal

Zachariou

Thome

Parikh

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…There are three galanin receptors, GALR1-GALR3, which all belong to the family of seven transmembrane-spanning, G protein-coupled receptors (26)(27)(28)(29). They are found in many areas of the rat brain, as first shown with autoradiographic ligand-binding methodology (30,31), and later with in situ hybridization (ISH)/quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). The galanin system has been associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions (29), including depression-and anxiety-like behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression-like behavior in rat: Involvement of galanin receptor subtype 1 in the ventral periaqueductal gray

Wang

Barde

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The neuropeptide galanin coexists in rat brain with serotonin in the dorsal raphe nucleus and with noradrenaline in the locus coeruleus (LC), and it has been suggested to be involved in depression. We studied rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS), a rodent model of depression. As expected, these rats showed several endophenotypes relevant to depression-like behavior compared with controls. All these endophenotypes were normalized after administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The transcripts for galanin and two of its receptors, galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) and GALR2, were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR using laser capture microdissection in the following brain regions: the hippocampal formation, LC, and ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG). Only Galr1 mRNA levels were significantly increased, and only in the latter region. After knocking down Galr1 in the vPAG with an siRNA technique, all parameters of the depressive behavioral phenotype were similar to controls. Thus, the depression-like behavior in rats exposed to CMS is likely related to an elevated expression of Galr1 in the vPAG, suggesting that a GALR1 antagonist could have antidepressant effects.dorsal raphe | neuropeptide | siRNA | stress | transmitter coexistence T he indoleamine hypothesis of depression was formulated some five decades ago (1, 2), in parallel with the catecholamine hypothesis (3, 4), and has been supported by the success of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treatment of major depression (MD) (5). However, in a considerable number of cases, SSRIs are associated with side effects or lack of efficacy. For example, after treatment with SSRIs, only one-third of patients obtain full remission of symptoms (6). Therefore, there is an ongoing search for new medications targeting mood disorders, such as MD and anxiety. Here, neuropeptides and their receptors, the most diverse family of neurotransmitters in the brain (7), have been extensively explored (5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), including galanin and its three receptors.Galanin is a 29-aa (30-aa in humans) neuropeptide (18) with a wide distribution in the rat brain (19,20), where it is coexpressed with noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NA) in locus coeruleus (LC) neurons and with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) neurons (21-25). There are three galanin receptors, GALR1-GALR3, which all belong to the family of seven transmembrane-spanning, G protein-coupled receptors (26-29). They are found in many areas of the rat brain, as first shown with autoradiographic ligand-binding methodology (30, 31), and later with in situ hybridization (ISH)/quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) (32-36). The galanin system has been associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions (29), including depression-and anxiety-like behaviors.There is early evidence from studies on the rat that central administration of galanin influences mood-related behavior in a region-specific way (37, 38), and also that galanin is prodepres...

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“…The hindbrain site responsible for stimulation of feeding by galanin may be the AP/NTS region, which contains galaninergic terminals, cell bodies and receptors (20,21,28,29) and contributes to body-weight regulation and food intake (3,7,8,11,15). Recent results indicate a specific involvement of AP/NTS galanin terminals in the control of food intake by fatty-acid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Galanin terminals or cell bodies are located in several brain sites important for food intake, including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (20,21,28,29,32). Injection of exogenous galanin into these sites increases feeding (9,10,(16)(17)(18)30,33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueduct Occlusion Does Not Impair Feeding Induced by Either Third or Fourth Ventricle Galanin Injection

Koegler

Ritter

1997

Obesity Research

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Exogenous galanin stimulates feeding when injected into forebrain and hindbrain sites, including the third and fourth ventricles (3V and 4V), amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Because the PVN and NTS border the ventricular space, it is possible that feeding stimulated by injection of galanin at these sites may be caused by the transport of galanin through the ventricular system to a remote site of action. The role of ventricular transport of galanin between the 3V and 4V in galanin-induced feeding was examined in this study. Rats were implanted with two guide cannula assemblies: one dorsal to the mesencephalic aqueduct and the other in the 3V or 4V. Feeding in response to 3V or 4V galanin injection was first measured after sham-occlusion of the aqueduct. Subsequently, flow of cerebrospinal fluid between the forebrain and hindbrain ventricles was acutely interrupted by injection of a silicone grease plug into the mesencephalic aqueduct just before assessment of the feeding response to 4V or 3V galanin injection. Aqueduct occlusion did not alter the feeding induced by either 3V or 4V galanin injection, indicating that galanin terminals in both the diencephalon and hindbrain are involved in control of food intake. 262-267.

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Autoradiographic distribution of 125I-galanin binding sites in the rat central nervous system

Cited by 297 publications

References 24 publications

Upregulation of Galanin Binding Sites and GalR1 mRNA Levels in the Mouse Locus Coeruleus Following Chronic Morphine Treatments and Precipitated Morphine Withdrawal

Upregulation of Galanin Binding Sites and GalR1 mRNA Levels in the Mouse Locus Coeruleus Following Chronic Morphine Treatments and Precipitated Morphine Withdrawal

Depression-like behavior in rat: Involvement of galanin receptor subtype 1 in the ventral periaqueductal gray

Aqueduct Occlusion Does Not Impair Feeding Induced by Either Third or Fourth Ventricle Galanin Injection

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