Auxin Induced Haploid Induction in Wide Crosses of Durum Wheat

Abstract

Doubled haploidy breeding via wide hybridization has been used in durum wheat haploid production for creating homozygosity in the shortest possible time. Post pollination treatment with hormones is a key factor for inducing haploid embryos in durum wheat wide crosses. An intergeneric hybridization experiment was carried out in seven durum wheat genotypes using Imperata cylindrica and two composites of Maize viz., Bajaura Makka and Early Composite, as pollen sources. The pollinated spikes were injected with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in five different concentrations i.e., 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm, for three consecutive days at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after pollination. Analysis of variance revealed that the five concentrations of 2,4-D significantly differed in their ability to induce haploid embryos and 2,4-D at 250 ppm was found to be most effective in durum wheat haploid production through wide hybridization. The highest frequency of embryo carrying seeds was recorded to be 65.75 and 36.73 percent, at 250 ppm with I. cylindrica and Bajaura Makka, respectively in first cropping season. During second season, embryo formation frequency was observed to be maximum, 70.69, 32.84 and 27.59 percent, at 250 ppm 2,4-D with all three pollen sources, viz., I. cylindrica, Bajaura Makka and Early Composite, respectively.

The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the production of oat (Avena sativa L.) doubled haploid lines through wide hybridization

“…As mentioned before, fertilization with alien pollen causes low embryo viability and zygote abortion during the initial stages of embryonic development. Post pollination application of PGRs, as a key step in chromosome elimination, can increase the recovery of haploid embryos to a state suitable for plant growth on nutrient media ( Mahato & Chaudhary, 2019 ). Wedzony et al (1998) found that dicamba and picloram were the most effective treatments for ovary growth and embryo production in triticale.…”

“…In DH line production, developed zygotes have a very low viability, and most of them abort during the initial stages of development. The application of auxins induces ovary enlargement and enhances the growth of the haploid embryos to a stage that enables their culture onto nutrient media ( Laurie & Reymondie, 1991 ) (12–16 days post-pollination in wheat) ( Mahato & Chaudhary, 2019 ). There is a general agreement on the need for applying synthetic auxins in DH line production as a means of recovering haploid embryos especially to applying them following pollination.…”

“… Marcińska et al (2013) reported that dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) treatment increased the size of the ovaries; however, 2,4-D application turned out to be more effective in converting embryos to haploid plants and obtaining DHs ( Warchoł et al., 2018 ). Furthermore, haploid production efficiency is also affected by the concentration, time and hormone application method ( Mahato & Chaudhary, 2019 ).…”

In vitro anther culture as efficiently applied technique for doubled haploid production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…homozygous pure lines from heterozygous breeding material in a generation (Yan et al, 2017). Improvements and the adoption of this technology have rendered it a rapid alternative to the conventional breeding methods and it has become an indispensable method to realize homogeneity in various studies and programs (Wędzony et al, 2009;Lantos & Pauk, 2016;Mahato & Chaudhary, 2019). The technology also contributes to more accurately assess QTL × environmental interactions (Yan et al, 2017) and has been applied in: genetic researches for marker-trait association study (Sorrells et al, 2011), genomics and as a target for transformation (Murovec & Bohanec, 2012), genetic engineering (Ravi & Chan, 2010), gene mapping (Hao et al, 2013), and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (Shi et al, 2019).…”

Generation of doubled haploid lines from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding material using in vitro anther culture

“…In cereal crops, the use of the doubled haploid (DH) technology enables genetically homozygous pure lines from heterozygous breeding material to be realised in a single generation (Yan et al 2017). Improvements and adoption of the technology have rendered it a fast alternative to conventional breeding methods and it has become a requisite tool in the attainment of homogeneity in different research and programmes (Wedzony et al 2009;Lantos & Pauk 2016;Mahato & Chaudhary 2019). The technology also aids in phenotyping more precisely (Yan et al 2017) and in genetic studies (Sorrells et al 2011;Hao et al 2013;Shi et al 2019).…”