“…At least 20 post-translational modifications (PTMs) of ε-amino groups of lysine residues have been reported under physiological conditions. These include mono-, di-, and trimethylation, − ADP-ribosylation, , formylation, ,, hydroxylation, lipoylation, biotinylation, ubiquitination, ,, neddylation, and sumoylation. , Several acyl-CoA-dependent lysine modifications have been reported, including acetylation, butyrylation, propionylation, glutarylation, crotonylation, malonylation, and succinylation . Carbamylation is another common PTM of lysine residues that results from the reaction with reactive cyanatefrom dietary sources of thiocyanates, degradation of urea, or cigarette smokingto form ε-carbamyl-lysine (homocitrulline). , …”