IntroductionThe surgeon's formation process has changed in recent decades. The increase in
medical schools, new specialties and modern technologies induce an overhaul of
medical education. Medical residency in surgery has established itself as a key
step in the formation of the surgeon, and represents the ideal and natural way for
teaching laparoscopy. However, the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the
medical residency programs in surgical specialties is insufficient, creating the
need for additional training after its termination.ObjectiveTo review the surgical teaching ways used in services that published their
results.MethodsSurvey of relevant publications in books, internet and databases in PubMed, Lilacs
and Scielo through july 2014 using the headings: laparoscopy; simulation;
education, medical; learning; internship and residency.ResultsThe training method for medical residency in surgery focused on surgical
procedures in patients under supervision, has proven successful in the era of open
surgery. However, conceptually turns as a process of experimentation in humans.
Psychomotor learning must not be developed directly to the patient. Training in
laparoscopic surgery requires the acquisition of psychomotor skills through
training conducted initially with surgical simulation. Platforms based teaching
problem solving as the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery, developed by the
American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgery and the Laparoscopic
Surgical Skills proposed by the European Society of Endoscopic Surgery has been
widely used both for education and for the accreditation of surgeons worldwide.
ConclusionThe establishment of a more appropriate pedagogical process for teaching
laparoscopic surgery in the medical residency programs is mandatory in order to
give a solid surgical education and to determine a structured and safe
professional activity.