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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} --> <!--[endif] --> <p class="Estilo" style="line-height: normal;">OBJETIVO – Determinar a incidência e a etiologia da diarreia nosocomial e comparar sua ocorrência com outras infecções hospitalares em pacientes internados na Hematologia. MÉTODOS – Estudo prospectivo caso-controle de 18 de setembro de 1991 a 30 de junho de 1993. Durante visitas semanais, investigou-se a diarreia nosocomial. Foram realizadas coproculturas, testes imunológicos para toxina A de C. difficile (ELISA TOX-A), para Rotavirus (ELISA Rotaclone) e testes sorológicos para Shigella spp. Os casos desenvolveram diarreia nosocomial, e os controles não desenvolveram. A colite pseudomembranosa (CPM) foi investigada nos óbitos. Em adição, comparamos dados deste estudo com a configuração de 2007. RESULTADOS – Dos 388 pacientes internados, 66 (63 adultos) foram selecionados para o estudo, 19 adquiriram diarreia nosocomial e 47 foram controles. A incidência da diarreia nosocomial foi de 4,9% e de infecção sanguínea 6,2%. Os mais importantes patógenos isolados foram Rotavírus [(26,66%)/(7,89%)], C. difficile enterotoxigênico [(18,75%)/(5,26%)] e Shigella flexneri [(5,55%)/(0%)] de casos e controles, respectivamente. Penicilinas e cefalosporinas foram associadas com diarreia nosocomial. CPM foi identificada durante necropsia em um paciente assintomático. A taxa global de infecção hospitalar na hematologia no estudo caso–controle foi de 33,5%. Em 2007, foi de 29%; sete pacientes tiveram diarreia e cinco deles com quadro clínico sugestivo de colite. CONCLUSÕES – Diarreia é uma importante complicação em pacientes da Hematologia; sua frequência é alta e está associada ao uso de antibióticos beta-lactâmicos. Gastrenterite foi a segunda mais frequente infecção nosocomial, perdendo para infecção sanguínea. Rotavírus foi o mais frequente patógeno entérico isolado, seguido de C. difficile enterotoxigênico e Shigella flexneri. Achado de CPM sugere condição de transportador assintomático de C. difficile. Faz-se necessário contínuo monitoramento da diarreia nosocomial.</p>
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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} --> <!--[endif] --> <p class="Estilo" style="line-height: normal;">OBJETIVO – Determinar a incidência e a etiologia da diarreia nosocomial e comparar sua ocorrência com outras infecções hospitalares em pacientes internados na Hematologia. MÉTODOS – Estudo prospectivo caso-controle de 18 de setembro de 1991 a 30 de junho de 1993. Durante visitas semanais, investigou-se a diarreia nosocomial. Foram realizadas coproculturas, testes imunológicos para toxina A de C. difficile (ELISA TOX-A), para Rotavirus (ELISA Rotaclone) e testes sorológicos para Shigella spp. Os casos desenvolveram diarreia nosocomial, e os controles não desenvolveram. A colite pseudomembranosa (CPM) foi investigada nos óbitos. Em adição, comparamos dados deste estudo com a configuração de 2007. RESULTADOS – Dos 388 pacientes internados, 66 (63 adultos) foram selecionados para o estudo, 19 adquiriram diarreia nosocomial e 47 foram controles. A incidência da diarreia nosocomial foi de 4,9% e de infecção sanguínea 6,2%. Os mais importantes patógenos isolados foram Rotavírus [(26,66%)/(7,89%)], C. difficile enterotoxigênico [(18,75%)/(5,26%)] e Shigella flexneri [(5,55%)/(0%)] de casos e controles, respectivamente. Penicilinas e cefalosporinas foram associadas com diarreia nosocomial. CPM foi identificada durante necropsia em um paciente assintomático. A taxa global de infecção hospitalar na hematologia no estudo caso–controle foi de 33,5%. Em 2007, foi de 29%; sete pacientes tiveram diarreia e cinco deles com quadro clínico sugestivo de colite. CONCLUSÕES – Diarreia é uma importante complicação em pacientes da Hematologia; sua frequência é alta e está associada ao uso de antibióticos beta-lactâmicos. Gastrenterite foi a segunda mais frequente infecção nosocomial, perdendo para infecção sanguínea. Rotavírus foi o mais frequente patógeno entérico isolado, seguido de C. difficile enterotoxigênico e Shigella flexneri. Achado de CPM sugere condição de transportador assintomático de C. difficile. Faz-se necessário contínuo monitoramento da diarreia nosocomial.</p>
: Bacterial resistance is considered one of the most important public health problems of the century, due to the rapid ability of bacteria to develop resistance mechanisms, which makes it difficult to treat infections, leading to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Based on this, several options are being sought as an alternative to currently available treatments, with a particular focus on nanotechnology. Nanomaterials have important potential for use in medical interventions aimed at preventing, diagnosing and treating numerous diseases by directing the delivery of drugs. This review presents data on the use of polymeric nanoparticles related to in vitro and in vivo activity against bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.
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