Avaliação de duas intervenções educativas para a prevenção do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em adolescentes

Abstract

resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar duas intervenções educativas para a prevenção do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em adolescentes de risco. Participaram 90 alunos de uma escola pública de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, divididos em dois grupos: GA (n=45) e GB (n=45). O GA recebeu intervenção educativa individual, mediante um folder, e o GB, intervenção educativa grupal, abrangendo cinco encontros de duas horas cada um. Utilizaram-se questionários para avaliar o nível de conhecimento antes, um dia após e decorridos 60 dias das intervenções, e as mudanças de hábitos cotidianos, 60 dias após as intervenções. Os resultados evidenciaram que, para o nível de conhecimento, ambas as intervenções desenvolvidas não apresentaram diferença (p=0,0001). Ao comparar os grupos A e B, após as intervenções, observou-se que a intenção para mudança dos hábitos cotidianos foi semelhante. As duas intervenções educativas podem ser utilizadas nas escolas para a prevenção do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em adolescentes de risco.descritores: Educação em saúde. Diabetes mellitus. Saúde do adolescente. evAluAtinG two educAtionAl interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus AmonG AdolescentsABstrAct: This study aimed to evaluate two educational interventions to prevent type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among at-risk adolescents. Participants were 90 students from a public school in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, divided into two groups: GA (n=45), and GB (n=45). In the GA group, a flyer was used to individually explain the educational group interventions, while the GB group received educational intervention through five meetings of two hours each. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the level of knowledge before, the day after, and 60 days after interventions as well as changes in daily habits, 60 days after interventions. Results showed no difference between both interventions (p=0.0001) considering the level of knowledge. A similar intention to change daily habits was observed upon comparing groups A and B after the interventions. The two educational interventions can be used in schools in order to prevent type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in at-risk adolescents.descriptors: Health education. Diabetes mellitus. Adolescent health.evAluAción de dos intervenciones educAtivAs pArA lA prevención de lA diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Adolescentes resumen: El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar dos intervenciones educativas para la prevención de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en adolescentes en riesgo. Participaron del estudio noventa estudiantes de una escuela pública en la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, divididos en dos grupos: GA (n=45) y GB (n=45). El grupo GA recibió una intervención educativa individual, por medio de un folleto, y el grupo GB, una intervención educativa en grupo que comprendió cinco sesiones de dos horas cada una. Se utilizaron cuestionarios para evaluar el nivel de conocimientos antes, al día siguiente, y 60 días después de las intervenciones; y los cambios en los hábitos diarios 60 días después del uso de las intervenciones. Los resultados mostraro...

Insulin therapy waste produced in the households of people with diabetes monitored in Primary Care

“…DM type 2 usually affects older individuals, being diagnosed in adults with a family history of DM and excess weight, representing a typical disease of the 40+ age group in Brazil (11) . Despite the new treatments for DM, including sophisticated devices and continuous insulin infusion pumps, appropriate metabolic control is still a challenge for the professionals that monitor these patients.The daily care to diabetic patients is performed by the own patient or his/her family, requiring continuous monitoring for the promotion of self-care (2,(12)(13) .…”

Atuação do enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família na prevenção do pé diabético Practice nurse family health strategy in the prevention of diabetic foot

“…By providing the patient with instructions, prevention is also promoted, because it stimulates a spreader of information; also, it allows the individual to have a greater participation in the decisions and behaviors related to their health, as well as promotoing self-care. 1,21 As regarding diabetic foot prevention, the literature shows that the majority of the problems related to diabetic foot can be prevented by healthcare education oriented to feet care. 21 In this sense, it was observed that the majority of the professionals promoted instructions on the use of comfortable shoes, which meets the recommendations necessary to prevent feet ulcers, since the use of therapeutic shoes for the neuropathic foot is considered one of the most important factors to prevent injuries in the lower limbs, because improper shoes expose the feet to extrinsic traumas and contribute as triggering factor in up to 85% of the feet ulcer cases; thus showing, also, the importance of not walking barefoot.…”

“…[1][2] It is a non-communicable chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly from the insufficient peripheral vascularization, which determines the chronic complications that may compromise several organs. Such complications are nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and macroangiopathies, which represent, respectively, one of the main determinants of chronic kidney failure, blindness, non-traumatic amputation of lower limbs and cardiovascular disease.…”

Students’ knowledge of metabolic syndrome after educational intervention

“…There was an increase in the level of knowledge in both analyzed groups, with a significant difference. Note that in a group, the intervention was individual, and in the other, it was collective, which resulted in higher mean scores obtained in day 1, and 60 days after the interventions compared to pretest mean scores (9) . Nevertheless, in research evaluating the level of knowledge of diseases of children and adolescents, they frequently present deficient knowledge, even when the analyzed group has the pathology under analysis.…”

“…Nevertheless, in research evaluating the level of knowledge of diseases of children and adolescents, they frequently present deficient knowledge, even when the analyzed group has the pathology under analysis. This often indicates the need for clarification, especially concerning lifestyle habits (9)(10)(11) . This also reinforces the importance of implementing strategies for promoting the empowerment of vulnerable or at-risk individuals.…”