Avaliação Do Ciclo De Vida Da Produção De Pelotas De Minério De Ferro: Estudo De Caso

Abstract

ResumoA indústria da mineração do ferro brasileira ocupa posição relevante no cenário mundial, exportando para os principais mercados consumidores os produtos beneficiados. Esta indústria de beneficiamento tem consumo elevado de recursos e de energia, o que consequentemente gera grandes quantidades de emissões gasosas, líquidas e sólidas, contaminantes do meio ambiente. Nesse contexto o presente artigo tem por objetivo avaliar o ciclo de vida da produção de pelotas de minério de ferro, através da identificação dos impactos ambientais gerados nas etapas de lavra, beneficiamento, transporte e pelotização, com o intuito de dar subsídios a medidas mitigadoras. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa de produção de pelotas de minério de ferro e utilizando a metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, baseado na norma ISO 14040. De acordo com os resultados obtidos os impactos ambientais mais importantes em relação ao ciclo de vida da produção de pelota, são referentes à categoria de depleção dos recursos minerais com 64,4% do total ponderado e a emissão de particulados no processo de lavra, que monta a 28,6% do mesmo total. Enquanto a fase com maior contribuição para o impacto total para a produção da pelota é a de beneficiamento. Palavras-chave: Avaliação do ciclo de vida -ACV; Pelotização; Avaliação de impacto ambiental. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF IRON ORE PELLETS PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL: A CASE STUDY AbstractThe brazilian iron mining industry occupies important position on the world production, exporting the processed iron ore products to the main consumer markets. The brazilian beneficiation plants have high consumption of resources and energy, which consequently generates large amounts of gaseous, liquid and solid emissions that are environmental contaminants. In this context, this article aims to assess the life cycle of the production of iron ore pellets, by identifying the environmental impacts on the mining steps, beneficiation, transportation and pelletization, in order to give subsidies to mitigation measures. A case study was undertaken in an iron ore pellet production company and using the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment, based on ISO 14040 standard. According to the results, the most important environmental impacts, in relation to the life cycle of the pellet, refer to the category of mineral resources depletion with 64.4% of the weighted total and particulate emissions in the mining process, which amounts to 28.6 % of this total. Meanwhile the step with the highest contribution to the total impact for pellet production is the beneficiation.

Logística reversa de óleo lubrificante e suas embalagens no brasil: análise da cadeia de valor e oportunidades de negócios para uma gestão sustentável de resíduos

“…For example, the asphalt fraction of the oil, is used as a plasticizer in petroleum-derived products in the waterproofing industry, and the light fractions are used to generate heat within the company itself. Thus, re-refining not only contributes to base oil production but also maximizes the utilization of co-products, promoting sustainability and waste reduction [41].…”

“…In turn, the water resulting from the primary treatment is sent to an effluent treatment station, where a biological process takes place with the aim of degrading the pollutants present in the effluent. [41].…”

Description of the IPCC mining process and analysis of the profile of productivity losses applied by a mining company in northern Brazil

“…Commonly, in mining processes, its macroprocess is given by the mining phases, in which the ore is removed from the mines in its crude form, the processing phase, where the ore goes through stages of physico-chemical treatment to be adjusted to the customer's requirements, the following phase is the shipment, where the material is stored in piles in the storage yards and, then the ow phase is continued, the ore is transported by rail to the seaport, where the pelletization takes place, to be directed to the nal customer by ship. (Lovón-Canchumani et al ,2015). In the problem situation of this work, the process that is presented and studied corresponds to the extraction and mining stage characterized by the adoption of an important innovation in the iron ore mining method, adapting the In-Pit mining to its extraction process, what is called IPCC mining method (In-Pit Crushing andConveying)crushing and belt transport inside the pit.…”

Transport electrification in Brazil

“…Municipal waste incineration in Brazil is negligible when compared to total solid residues production, mainly due to technical and financial unfeasibility(MACHADO, 2015), hence, municipal waste incineration share was considered to end up in landfills completely. Moreover, for lubricants, this study assumed that is more accurate to model the final disposal as a treatment instead of just dumping it in a landfill, given that Brazilian regulation is becoming increasingly stringent on lubricant oil disposal(CANCHUMANI, 2013). Table5presents the EOL outputs and the Ecoinvent processes used to represent them.…”