Avaliação dos níveis de aglutininas antileptospira em cães de caça na Paraíba, Brasil

Abstract

ResumoDentre os animais domésticos, em nível urbano, os cães representam a principal fonte de infecção da leptospirose humana, pois vivem em contato direto com o homem e uma vez infectados podem eliminar leptospiras vivas através da urina durante meses, mesmo sem apresentar sinais clínicos da doença. Particularmente, os cães de caça constituem animais de companhia que são utilizados por adeptos da atividade esportiva de caça à procura de espécies silvestres no meio rural, sendo esta uma prática comum em várias regiões do Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a presença de aglutininas antileptospira em cães de caça no estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados na pesquisa 190 cães de caça provenientes de 11 cidades paraibanas, sendo 172 (90,53%) machos e 18 (9,74%) fêmeas com idades variando de seis meses a 15 anos, criados em sua maioria presos e as principais espécies caçadas (informes dos proprietários) eram em ordem decrescente de freqüência: tatu-verdadeiro, tatu-peba, tejo, tacaca, tamanduá e raposa. Os soros sangüíneos de cães de caça foram processados pela técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM) no Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis/CSTR/UFPB. Das 190 amostras analisadas, 17 (8,95%) foram reagentes para sete sorotipos de Leptospira patogênicos, com destaque para autumnalis, bratislava e australis, com títulos variando de 100 a 1.600.Palavras-chave: cães de caça, aglutininas antileptospiras, sorotipos. AbstractAmong the domestic animals, in urban level, the dogs represent the main source of human leptospire infection for they often live in company of man. Dogs tend to eliminate living leptospira throug their urine during some months without showing any clinical sign. Hunt dogs constitute company animals that they are used in search of by followers of the sporting activity of hunt wild species in the rural way, being this, a common practice in several areas of Brasil. This research aims to evaluate the antileptospira agglutinines levels in hunt dogs in state of Paraíba, Brasil. Were collected 190 blood samples the dogs, proceeding from 11 cities, being 172 (90,53%) males and 18 (9,74%) females with ages varying of 6 months to 15 years. The blood samples were processed according to the Microscopic Agglutination Technique (MAT) in the Contagious Diseases Laboratory -CSTR/ Campus VII/UFPB. After resultads it was observed the prevalence of 8,95% of the samples with prominence for the following serovars: autumnalis, bratislava e australis.

Cross-sectional survey for canine leptospirosis in an Atlantic Rainforest area of the semiarid of Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil

“…The Autumnalis serogroup was the second most prevalent, and although it is considered uncommon in dogs, in recent years there has been an increase in seropositivity reports (Lemos et al 2010, Castro et al 2011, 2015. It is worth mentioning that among domestic species, this serogroup is more frequently reported as predominant in sheep (Alves et al 2004, Higino et al 2010, Barbante et al 2014) and goat (Araújo Neto et al 2010, Pimenta et al 2019. Therefore, it is likely that sheep and goat may be acting as reservoirs for this serogroup, thus contaminating the environment and other species, including dogs.…”

“…The prevalence of the disease is influenced by several factors, including geographic distribution and socioeconomic factors (Baquero & Machado 2018), and in this context the conduction of epidemiological surveys in different locations is important. Some surveys with dogs have been carried out in the state of Paraíba (Alves et al 2004, Batista et al 2004, Azevedo et al 2011, Silva et al 2017b, Brasil et al 2018, Fernandes et al 2018a, however, there are still no surveys that indicate the epidemiological situation of canine leptospirosis in the Brejo paraibano microregion, which can be considered a important transmission area, as this region presents specific characteristics that may influence the occurrence of this disease, including the presence of remnants of the Atlantic Rainforest (Porto et al 2004) and high rainfall (AESA 2019). According to data from the Ministry of Health, 325 cases of human leptospirosis from 2000 to 2018 were confirmed in the state of Paraíba (SINAN 2017), which reinforces the need to carry out epidemiological surveys in the region.…”

Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with Leptospira infection in dogs from rural settlements in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil

“…Another aspect that increases the risk of infection is the practice of hunting wild animals, which exposes dogs and humans to contaminated environments. Alves et al (2004) found a leptospirosis frequency of 8.95% (17/190) in hunting dogs in Paraíba. Lastly, the peculiar situation regarding the period of intense drought should be considered, which may have favored the approach of animals, especially wild animals, to the peridomicile in search of water and food, thus causing the contamination of the environment through urine.…”

“…Consequently, it is possible that the serotypes found are related to the occurrence of these hosts in the environment, as most respondents (139/184) reported the presence of these rodents on their properties, and 42/184 hunted wild animals. Alves et al (2004) found that 8.95% (17/190) of hunting dogs in the state of Paraíba tested positive for anti-Leptospira agglutinins. The most frequently detected serotype was Autumnalis, suggesting involvement of wild animals in the transmission cycle of the disease.…”