Avian and Mammalian Facilitative Glucose Transporters

Abstract

Abstract:The GLUT members belong to a family of glucose transporter proteins that facilitate glucose transport across the cell membrane. The mammalian GLUT family consists of thirteen members (GLUTs 1-12 and HMIT). Humans have a recently duplicated GLUT member, GLUT14. Avians express the majority of GLUT members. The arrangement of multiple GLUTs across all somatic tissues signifies the important role of glucose across all organisms. Defects in glucose transport have been linked to metabolic disorders, insulin resistance and diabetes. Despite the essential importance of these transporters, our knowledge regarding GLUT members in avians is fragmented. It has been clear that there are no chicken orthologs of mammalian GLUT4 and GLUT7. Our examination of GLUT members in the chicken revealed that some chicken GLUT members do not have corresponding orthologs in mammals. We review the information regarding GLUT orthologs and their function and expression in mammals and birds, with emphasis on chickens and humans.

Effects of maca (Lepidium meyenii) on nutrient digestibility and major nutrient transporters in rats fed a high‐fat diet

“…Jejunum refers to the part of the small intestine that leaves the duodenum to one side, leading to the ileum, which is the primary purpose of the jejunum is to absorb monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids, while the ileum absorbs the remnant nutrients that were not absorbed by the duodenum or jejunum, especially vitamin B12 and bile acids to be recycled (Collins et al., 2021 ). The glucose transporter families (Glut) and sodium‐dependent glucose transporters (Sglt) are responsible for the absorption of glucose, while the peptide transporters 1 and 2 are the members of the proton‐coupled oligopeptide transporter family and the Fatp1 mediates skeletal muscle cell fatty acid import (Byers et al., 2017 ; Guitart et al., 2014 ; Zwarycz & Wong, 2013 ). In a recent study, an HFD fed mouse with thyroid disorders for 16 weeks reported a significant reduction in Glut2, Pept1, and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) expressions, indicating that HFD may impair nutrient intake in the small intestines (Torelli Hijo et al., 2019 ).…”