Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases and Immunoevasion

Schat, Karel A.; Skinner, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396965-1.00016-9

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 223 publications

(215 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the typical disorder caused by ARV is considered to be arthritis/tenosynovitis in chickens, isolation of ARV from cases of respiratory outbreaks was reported as well (Gouvea & Schnitzer, 1982). Besides, ARV is also involved in a variety of enteric and respiratory disease conditions (Jones, 2000), and some ARV strains have been associated with depletion of lymphoid cells in the bursa and thymus and decreased responses to ND vaccination (Roussan et al, 2006;Schat & Skinner, 2014). Identification of ARV in 19% (n = 5/26) of the total samples makes further molecular characterization and pathogenicity studies of the obtained ARV isolates interesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of suspected Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in Egypt uncovers a high virus velogenic ND virus burden in small-scale holdings and the presence of multiple pathogens

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highly contagious Newcastle disease (ND) is associated with devastating outbreaks with highly variable clinical signs among gallinaceous birds. In this study we aimed to verify clinical ND suspicions in poultry holdings in Egypt suffering from respiratory distress and elevated mortality, comparing two groups of ND-vaccinated poultry holdings in three governorates. Besides testing for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), samples were screened for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) by RT-qPCR as well as by non-directed cell-culture approach on LMH-cells. Virulent NDV was confirmed only in group A (n = 16) comprising small-scale holdings. Phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein gene of 11 NDVpositive samples obtained from this group assigned all viruses to genotype 2.VIIb and point to four different virus populations that were circulating at the same time in one governorate, indicating independent epidemiological events. In group B, comprising large commercial broiler farms (n = 10), virulent NDV was not present, although in six farms NDV vaccine-type virus (genotype 2.II) was detected. Besides, in both groups, co-infections by IBV (n = 10), AIV H9 (n = 3) and/or avian reovirus (ARV) (n = 5) and avian astrovirus (AastVs) (n = 1) could be identified. Taken together, the study confirmed clinical ND suspicion in small scale holdings, pointing to inefficient vaccination practices in this group A. However, it also highlighted that, even in an endemic situation like ND in Egypt, in cases of suspected ND vaccine failure, clinical ND suspicion has to be verified by pathotype-specific diagnostic tests. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS. Velogenic NDV circulates in small-scale poultry holdings in Egypt. . Viral transmission occurred among neighbouring farms and over long distances. . Co-infections with multiple pathogens were identified. . Pathotype specific diagnostic tests are essential to verify ND suspicions. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of suspected Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in Egypt uncovers a high virus velogenic ND virus burden in small-scale holdings and the presence of multiple pathogens

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After the acute phase of the disease, B lymphocytes begin to appear due to the repairing of the BF, but these birds show depressed primary antibody respaces until seven weeks postinfection. The age of the bird and virus pathotype were the main factors that affected the recovery process (Schat and Skinner, 2014).…”

Section: Interaction Of Acquired Immune Responses With Ibdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanisms of pathogenic and immunosuppressive aspects of IBDV are still not well known (Escaffre et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2014;Ouyang et al, 2015), however, it has been shown that IBDV causes the disruption of innate immune responses, macrophages (MΦ), T cells, DCs, and also the massive destruction of B cells (Mahgoub et al, 2012). A suppressed immune system is the frontrunner for suboptimal vaccine responses, thus leading to increased susceptibility to other diseases (Schat and Skinner, 2014;Prandini et al, 2016). This review discusses current research regarding the immunotoxic and immunosuppressive nature of IBDV in the poultry and highlights areas requiring future research attentions that may help to establish foundations for effective and improved vaccines against IBDV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of infectious bursal disease virus with the immune system of poultry

Rehman

Chen

Umar

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immune dysfunction can be either at the humoral or cellular levels and is mediated by a myriad of factors including virus-induced immunosuppression. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) affects domesticated poultry and causing health problems mainly due to prolonged immunosuppression. Destruction of the immunoglobulin-producing cells is the principal cause of IBDV-induced immunosuppression, which leads to significant impairment of the primary antibody responses. Due to these effects, IBDV infection not only increases the susceptibility of poultry to other viral infections but predisposes the host to several other bacteria of variable pathologies. The IBDV-induced immunesuppression is well-known phenomenon, however, recently there have been significant advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of this immune-suppression. This review discuss current updates regarding the immunotoxic and immunosuppressive nature of IBDV in the poultry and highlights areas requiring future research attentions that may help to establish foundations for effective and improved vaccines against IBDV.

show abstract

“…The BF functions as a lymph gland and plays a key role in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes during the first two to three months after the chicken hatches (Glick et al, 1956;Schat & Skinner, 2014). Figure 1A showed the duck BF begins to atrophy at week 4, using the BF index (Cazaban et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gene Ontology Differs in Bursa of Fabricius Between Two Breeds of Ducks Post Hatching by Enriching the Differentially Expressed Genes

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is the central humoral immune organ unique to birds. The present study investigated the possible difference on a molecular level between two duck breeds. The digital gene expression profiling (DGE) technology was used to enrich the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BF between the Jianchang and Nonghua-P strains of ducks. DGE data identified 195 DEGs in the bursa. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggested that DEGs were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways and ribosome components. Pathways analysis identified the spliceosome, RNA transport, RNA degradation process, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and B cell receptor signaling pathway. The results indicated that the main difference in the BF between the two duck strains was in the capabilities of protein formation and B cell development. These data have revealed the main divergence in the BF on a molecular level between genetically different duck breeds and may help to perform molecular breeding programs in poultry in the future.

show abstract

Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases and Immunoevasion

Cited by 41 publications

References 223 publications

Investigation of suspected Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in Egypt uncovers a high virus velogenic ND virus burden in small-scale holdings and the presence of multiple pathogens

Investigation of suspected Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in Egypt uncovers a high virus velogenic ND virus burden in small-scale holdings and the presence of multiple pathogens

Interaction of infectious bursal disease virus with the immune system of poultry

The Gene Ontology Differs in Bursa of Fabricius Between Two Breeds of Ducks Post Hatching by Enriching the Differentially Expressed Genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About