Avian Influenza H5N1 in Tigers and Leopards

Keawcharoen, Juthatip; Oraveerakul, Kanisak; Kuiken, Thijs; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Amonsin, Alongkorn; Payungporn, Sunchai; Noppornpanth, Suwanna; Wattanodorn, Sumitra; Theamboonlers, Apiradee; Tantilertcharoen, Rachod; Pattanarangsan, Rattapan; Arya, Nlin; Ratanakorn, Parntep; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Poovorawan, Yong

doi:10.3201/eid1012.040759

Cited by 429 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…3A) and comprise several clades of H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 swine isolates, H3N8 and H7N7 equine isolates, the mouse-adapted variant of pandemic A͞HK͞1͞68 (H3N2), and the clade of H5N1 HPAIV from southeast Asia, including human isolates, like A͞HK͞ 97͞98 and A͞HK͞488͞97. Moreover, PB2 701N was also found in A͞VietNam͞3046͞2004 (6) and A͞Tiger͞Suphan.͞Thail.͞Ti-1͞04 (19), which were isolated during outbreaks in Vietnam and Thailand. Remarkably, among the strains found is A͞Swine͞Germany͞ 2͞81, an avian-like swine virus (2).…”

Section: Sc35m Polymerase Mutations In Mammalianmentioning

confidence: 99%

The viral polymerase mediates adaptation of an avian influenza virus to a mammalian host

Gabriel

Dauber

Wolff

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

621

648

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Mammalian influenza viruses are descendants of avian strains that crossed the species barrier and underwent further adaptation. Since 1997 in southeast Asia, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have been causing severe, even fatal disease in humans. Although no lineages of this subtype have been established until now, such repeated events may initiate a new pandemic. As a model of species transmission, we used the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus SC35 (H7N7), which is low-pathogenic for mice, and its lethal mouse-adapted descendant SC35M. Specific mutations in SC35M polymerase considerably increase its activity in mammalian cells, correlating with high virulence in mice. Some of these mutations are prevalent in chicken and mammalian isolates, especially in the highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses from southeast Asia. These activity-enhancing mutations of the viral polymerase complex demonstrate convergent evolution in nature and, therefore, may be a prerequisite for adaptation to a new host paving the way for new pandemic viruses.evolution ͉ pathogenicity

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Section: Sc35m Polymerase Mutations In Mammalianmentioning

confidence: 99%

The viral polymerase mediates adaptation of an avian influenza virus to a mammalian host

Gabriel

Dauber

Wolff

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

621

648

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HPAIV has also been detected in commercial frozen duck carcasses of retained slaughter batches (Harder et al, 2009), which has increased concern about the food safety of poultry products by its zoonotic implications. Similarly, the transmission of H5N1 HPAIV from infected carcasses to other animals in HPAIV-endemic areas has also been reported in different carnivores such as domestic cats (Songserm et al, 2006a) and dogs (Songserm et al, 2006b), tigers and leopards (Keawcharoen et al, 2004) and red foxes (Reperant et al, 2008). Nevertheless, kinetic and systematic studies on the persistence of AIV in different tissues from infected carcasses have not been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N1) in infected chickens: feather as a suitable sample for diagnosis

Busquets

Abad

Alba

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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“…Sporadic fatal disease due to natural HPAIV H5N1 infection has also been reported in various carnivores, including domestic cats, leopards and tigers, which were previously considered to be resistant to influenza A virus infection (Paniker & Nair, 1970, 1972Hinshaw et al, 1981). Meanwhile, natural infection of felids has been reported from seven countries in Asia, the Middle East and Europe including China (http://www.promedmail.org; archive number 20041023.2873), Thailand (Keawcharoen et al, 2004;Thanawongnuwech et al, 2005;Songserm et al, 2006), Vietnam (http://www.promedmail.org; archive number 20050826.2527), Indonesia (http://www.promedmail. org; archive number 20070126.0347), Iraq (Yingst et al, 2006), Austria (Leschnik et al, 2007) and Germany (Klopfleisch et al, 2007;Weber et al, 2007 , attachment to type II pneumocytes and virus replication in type I and type II pneumocytes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of cats against lethal influenza H5N1 challenge infection

Vahlenkamp

Harder

Giese

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of Asian origin continues to circulate in poultry and wild birds, causing considerable concern for veterinary and public health in Asia, Europe and Africa. Natural transmission of HPAIV H5N1 from poultry to humans, resulting in infections associated with high mortality, and from poultry or wild birds to large felids and domestic cats has been reported. Experimental infection of cats with HPAIV H5N1 derived from a human patient resulted in lethal disease. The role of cats in the adaptation of HPAIV H5N1 to mammals and vaccination regimens for the eventual protection of cats, however, remain to be elucidated. Here, it was shown that cats can be protected against a lethal high-dose challenge infection by an inactivated, adjuvanted heterologous H5N6 avian influenza virus vaccine. The challenge HPAIV H5N1 was derived from a naturally infected cat. In non-vaccinated cats, low-dose exposure resulted in asymptomatic infections with minimal virus excretion. As diseased cats can transmit the infection to naïve contact animals, the epidemiological role of H5N1-infected cats in endemically infected areas as a link between wild birds, poultry and humans needs close inspection, and vaccination of cats should be considered to reduce possible human exposure.

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Avian Influenza H5N1 in Tigers and Leopards

Cited by 429 publications

References 16 publications

The viral polymerase mediates adaptation of an avian influenza virus to a mammalian host

The viral polymerase mediates adaptation of an avian influenza virus to a mammalian host

Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N1) in infected chickens: feather as a suitable sample for diagnosis

Protection of cats against lethal influenza H5N1 challenge infection

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