Avian trypanosomes as models of hemoflagellate evolution

Apanius, Victor

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90203-z

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both the humoral and the cellular immune response control the acute phase of this infection (Takle and Snary 1993). Fourth, in analogy to the salivarian trypanosomes of mammals, the¯agellates of birds (Apanius 1991), reptiles (Telford 1995), amphibians (Bardsley and Harmsen 1973), and ®sh (Lom 1979;Woo 1987Woo , 1994Lom and DykovaÂ 1992) are believed to live exclusively extracellularly in the blood and tissues of their hosts. Therefore, these infections are expected to be controlled by the humoral immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma carassii , a common parasite of freshwater fish

Overath

Ruoff

Stierhof

et al. 1998

Parasitology Research

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Trypanosoma carassii (syn. T. danilewskyi) is a widespread parasite of carp and other cyprinid as well as some noncyprinid freshwater fish. It lives extracellularly in the blood and tissues of its hosts, causing chronic infections. In this paper the isolation of T. carassii from fish blood and the propagation and cloning of bloodstream forms in vitro are described. By several criteria, cultured and fish-derived trypomastigotes are indistinguishable. The culture system should be useful for the biochemical characterization of this trypanosome and its interaction with the fish immune system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma carassii , a common parasite of freshwater fish

Overath

Ruoff

Stierhof

et al. 1998

Parasitology Research

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trypanosomes are a diverse and highly successful group of blood parasites, which infect >70% and 50% of species and individuals, respectively, in some temperate avian communities (16)(17)(18). Although trypanosomes are apparently rare in the blood of nestling birds (17), this perception may be the result of insufficient sampling. Trypanosomes are detectable in peripheral blood smears of nestlings in at least one bird population at intensities greater than those suffered by adult hosts (19 Proportion of nestlings infected (30,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal effort mediates the prevalence of trypanosomes in the offspring of a passerine bird.

Merino

Potti²,

Moreno³

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Studies on trypanosomes are scarce, and no differences between passerine age groups have been detected; however, trypanosomes have typically been diagnosed on slides (Merino and Potti 1995;Deviche et al 2010), and thus probably underestimated (Apanius 1991). The prevalence of Leucocytozoon in nestlings was higher than that of Haemoproteus.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Blood Parasite Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomes and haemosporidia in the buzzard (Buteo buteo) and sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus): factors affecting the prevalence of parasites

et al. 2014

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The prevalences of heteroxenous parasites are influenced by the interplay of three main actors: hosts, vectors, and the parasites themselves. We studied blood protists in the nesting populations of raptors in two different areas of the Czech Republic. Altogether, 788 nestlings and 258 adult Eurasian sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) and 321 nestlings and 86 adult common buzzards (Buteo buteo) were screened for parasites by the microscopic examination of blood smears and by cultivation. We examined the role of shared vectors and parasite phylogenetic relationships on the occurrence of parasites. In different years and hosts, trypanosome prevalence ranged between 1.9 and 87.2 %, that of Leucocytozoon between 1.9 and 100 %, and Haemoproteus between 0 and 72.7 %. Coinfections with Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma, phylogenetically distant parasites but both transmitted by blackflies (Simuliidae), were more frequent than coinfections with Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus, phylogenetically closely related parasites transmitted by different vectors (blackflies and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), respectively). For example, 16.6 % buzzard nestlings were coinfected with Trypanosoma and Leucocytozoon, while only 4.8 % with Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus and 0.3 % with Trypanosoma and Haemoproteus. Nestlings in the same nest tended to have the same infection status. Furthermore, prevalence increased with the age of nestlings and with Julian date, while brood size had only a weak negative/positive effect on prevalence at the individual/brood level. Prevalences in a particular avian host species also varied between study sites and years. All these factors should thus be considered while comparing prevalences from different studies, the impact of vectors being the most important. We conclude that phylogenetically unrelated parasites that share the same vectors tend to have similar distributions within the host populations of two different raptor species.

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Avian trypanosomes as models of hemoflagellate evolution

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma carassii , a common parasite of freshwater fish

Cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma carassii , a common parasite of freshwater fish

Maternal effort mediates the prevalence of trypanosomes in the offspring of a passerine bird.

Trypanosomes and haemosporidia in the buzzard (Buteo buteo) and sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus): factors affecting the prevalence of parasites

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