Aviation biofuel from renewable resources: Routes, opportunities and challenges

Hari, Thushara Kandaramath; Yaakob, Zahira; Balasubramanian, N.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.095

Cited by 326 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Various reactors including fixed-bed reactor, batch reactor, microactivity test reactor, and glass vessel have been studied at a lab-scale. However, in conventional petroleum refineries, most of the continuous biofuel production uses the concept of fluidized-bed reactor [67,90,109,[158][159][160]. Recently, the scale-up of vegetable oil/bio-oil upgrading still needs more research targeted towards cheaper feedstock development, high activity catalysts, cost effective processing technology, and stable reactor system.…”

Section: Catalyst Deactivation and Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Catalytically Upgrading Vegetable Oils into Hydrocarbon Biofuels

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:To address the issues of greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels, vegetable oilseeds, especially non-food oilseeds, are used as an alternative fuel resource. Vegetable oil derived from these oilseeds can be upgraded into hydrocarbon biofuel. Catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing are two of the most promising pathways for converting vegetable oil to hydrocarbon biofuel. Heterogeneous catalysts play a critical role in those processes. The present review summarizes current progresses and remaining challenges of vegetable oil upgrading to biofuel. The catalyst properties, applications, deactivation, and regeneration are reviewed. A comparison of catalysts used in vegetable oil and bio-oil upgrading is also carried out. Some suggestions for heterogeneous catalysts applied in vegetable oil upgrading to improve the yield and quality of hydrocarbon biofuel are provided for further research in the future.

show abstract

Section: Catalyst Deactivation and Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The saturated fatty acids contain mainly palmitic acid (C 16 O 2 ). The non-food vegetable oil including crambe oil, camelina oil, carinata oil, and jatropha oil does not challenge the food ecosystem and production [67]. However, some vegetable oils such as soybean oil and canola oil could be used as food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Catalytically Upgrading Vegetable Oils into Hydrocarbon Biofuels

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For aviation fuel alternatives, the case is less clear cut. There have been various successful tests, mostly with blends, although also with neat, that show that one can replace jet fuel with biodiesel obtained from algae, and non-edible energy crops such as camelina and jatropha [42]. For example, using a 50/50 blend of regular fuel and bio-kerosene, derived from jatropha, in one of the plane's two engines, the airline Lufthansa operated 1187 domestic flights in 2011 between Frankfurt and Hamburg; however, tests were stopped due to lack of biofuel supplies [43].…”

Section: Substituting Fossil Fuel Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergy Replacement Cost of Fossil Fuels: Closing the Carbon Cycle

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The Exergy Replacement Cost (ERC) is an indicator that is used to ascertain the sustainability of non-renewable resource depletion. Specifically, it measures the amount of exergy society would have to expend if it were forced to re-capture and re-concentrate dispersed minerals back into a manmade usable deposit. Due to an assumption regarding the non-substitutability of fossil fuels, the original method failed to properly account for them. In fact, it sub-estimated their exergy replacement cost forty-seven-fold, on average, when considering solar radiation to fuel, and by approximately fivefold when going from crop to fuel. This new method, via the cumulative exergy consumption (CExC), calculates the exergy replacement cost of photosynthesis and bio-energy production, as together they form the best available technology when it comes to closing the carbon cycle. This approach ties together the "cradle to grave" to the "grave to cradle", standardises the ERC calculations and enables comparisons between fuel and non-fuel mineral consumption. It also opens a discussion as to the role of the ERC in sustainability debates and whether resource depletion should be a matter of geological patrimony or material/energy services.

show abstract

“…In 2018, the aviation sector on a global basis consumed roughly 94 billion gallons of jet fuel in commercial flights . Fuel is the major operating expenditure in the air transport sector, and the volatile prices of crude oil hinder long‐term scheduling and cost budgeting . In theory, biomass‐derived aviation fuels can lessen the reliance of the aviation on one single feedstock, limit price oscillations associated with the volatility of crude oil prices, and potentially mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative techno‐economic assessment of three bio‐oil upgrading routes for aviation biofuel production

Michailos

Bridgwater

2019

Int J Energy Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The aviation industry continues to grow, and consequently, more fuel is needed. With the intention of decarbonising the aviation sector, sustainable routes that have the potential to mitigate emissions, such as biomass fast pyrolysis, can positively contribute to this direction. Within this context, the present study performs a comparative techno‐economic evaluation of aviation biofuel manufacture via the main bio‐oil upgrading pathways, namely, hydroprocessing (HP), gasification followed by Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (G+FT), and zeolite cracking (ZC). The research constitutes the first endeavour to investigate and compare the feasibility of producing biojet fuel via pyrolysis‐based routes. The presented work provides an inclusive evaluation that comprises process modelling and financial assessment. Based on the simulations, overall energy efficiencies of 48.8%, 45.73%, and 45.38% and jet fuel energy efficiencies of 23.70%, 21.45%, and 20.53% were calculated, while the implementation of a discounted cash flow analysis estimated minimum jet fuel selling prices (MJSPs) of 1.98, 2.32, and 2.21 $/L for the HP, the G+FT, and the ZC, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the processes are capital and feedstock intensive while an increase to the bio‐oil yield will favour the economic performance of the examined biorefineries. An increase of the plant size from 100 (base case) to 150 dry tonnes per hour of feedstock will decrease the selling prices by approximately 25% for all cases. Monte Carlo simulations exhibited that without establishing and/or maintaining appropriate policy schemes, there is no pragmatic prospect for the examined biorefineries to beat the competition against the prevailing oil infrastructures.

show abstract

Aviation biofuel from renewable resources: Routes, opportunities and challenges

Cited by 326 publications

References 41 publications

Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Catalytically Upgrading Vegetable Oils into Hydrocarbon Biofuels

Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Catalytically Upgrading Vegetable Oils into Hydrocarbon Biofuels

Exergy Replacement Cost of Fossil Fuels: Closing the Carbon Cycle

A comparative techno‐economic assessment of three bio‐oil upgrading routes for aviation biofuel production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About