Aviation Meteorology: Observations and Models. Introduction

Gültepe, Ismail; Feltz, Wayne F.

doi:10.1007/s00024-019-02188-2

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Private pilots have relatively limited operational weather experience as compared with pilots who have obtained an instrument rating, and therefore are authorized to fly in weather systems that limit visibility. Some research has shown that pilots with more operational weather experience exhibit improved weather-related decision making and skill acquisition [5]. This research aligns with the cognitive psychology research that describes the process of skill acquisition as an operator's progression from novice to intermediate, and finally expert [26,27].…”

Section: Experiencesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The GA community has been the population most susceptible to weather-related aviation accidents. Gultepe et al [5] provided an overall summary of weather parameters and their adverse impact related to aviation meteorology, which included adverse winds, ceiling/visibility, density altitude, icing, and thunderstorms. As the weather products that convey these conditions evolve, proper investigation of the effects of these product changes should be investigated.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors that contribute to the high fatality rate include the nature of GA operations, such as low altitude flights and single-engine flights, and GA pilots' limited experience interpreting weather information [3]. In terms of the types of weather phenomena in which GA accidents occur, the NTSB reported that adverse winds, ceiling/visibility, density altitude, icing, and thunderstorms were among the top causal conditions [2,4,5]. While GA pilots have a variety of weather products available to use for flight planning, rapidly changing technology has been producing a continual influx of weather products that pilots may or may not interpret correctly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Display Type, Weather Type, and Pilot Experience on Pilot Interpretation of Weather Products

et al. 2021

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The majority of general aviation (GA) accidents involving adverse weather result in fatalities. Considering the high weather-related fatality rate among GA flight operations, it is imperative to ensure that GA pilots of all experience levels can incorporate available weather information into their flight planning. In the past decade, weather product development has incorporated increasing levels of automation, which has led to the generation of high-resolution, model-based aviation displays such as graphical turbulence guidance and current icing potential, which rival the resolution of radar and satellite imagery. This is in stark contrast to the traditional polygonal-based displays of aviation weather hazards (G-AIRMETs and SIGMETs). It is important to investigate the effects of these changes on the end user. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the interpretability of weather products for two areas of interest: display type (traditional polygons vs. model-based imagery) and type of weather phenomena (ceiling/visibility, turbulence, and icing), across a range of pilot experience levels. Two hundred and four participants completed a series of weather product interpretation questions. The results indicated significant effects of product display type, as well as significant effects of weather phenomena and pilot experience on product interpretation. Further investigation is needed to assess possible extraneous variables.

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Section: Experiencesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Display Type, Weather Type, and Pilot Experience on Pilot Interpretation of Weather Products

et al. 2021

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“…No corrections were applied to account for the tethered balloon's motion relative to the ground. The estimated uncertainty in the speed and CNR4), (d) low-cost custom weather station, (e) 10 m turbulence tower with sonic anemometers and infrared gas analyser, (f) present weather detector (Vaisala, PWD50), optical particle counter (Alphasense, OPC-N2), all-in-one weather sensor (Vaisala WXT520), and laser precipitation monitor (Thiessen) (Gultepe & Feltz, 2019). [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] observations, based on the horizontal motion of the balloon during the duration of an ascent, is 3.2%.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of the life cycle of a stratus‐lowering coastal‐fog event in Newfoundland, Canada

Singh,

Hoch,

Gultepe

et al. 2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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We present a case study of a coastal‐fog stratus‐cloud‐lowering event on September 13–14, 2018, during the C‐FOG field campaign conducted along the east coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The goal of this work is to understand the mechanisms governing the life cycle of a 4‐hr‐long coastal‐fog event that resulted from the complex interplay of dynamic, thermodynamic, and microphysical processes. In addition to standard meteorological measurements, turbulence, irradiance, droplet‐size spectra, tethered‐balloon wind and thermodynamic profiles, visibility, precipitation, and spatial heterogeneity of microphysics measurements are presented to discriminate and interpret the fog formation, development, and dissipation. After sunset, strong radiative cloud‐top cooling induced top‐down convection length scales that can be characterised with the Thorpe scale. Top‐down mixing and turbulence kinetic energy generated due to buoyant/shear mixing are characterised using the flux and bulk Richardson number near the surface. Use of these parameters is unique in the analysis of fog events and helped describe mixing processes. Downward mixing led to fog droplet formation that precipitated from the cloud base, which in turn cooled the sub‐cloud layers via droplet evaporation and moistened the air beneath the cloud. Once fog formed, it was affected by dry‐air entrainment from its top. As a result, the fog thinned, creating patchy fog that was characterised by remarkable oscillations in visibility near the surface. Dissipation of the fog was driven by strong turbulence above the fog layer and horizontal thermal advection demonstrated using the temperature tendency equation. This work provides novel measurements and analysis techniques that have previously not been used to understand the mechanisms governing stratus‐lowering events. These observations and analyses help highlight processes and explain mechanisms related to the fog life cycle that are inherently challenging to predict in mesoscale models.

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“…Over the past 20 years, air traffic has increased significantly due to the creation of new hub airports, the expansion of new low-cost carriers and the growing tourism demand [1]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that severe weather conditions (such as windstorms, lightning, thunderstorms, updrafts/downdrafts, turbulence and fog) impact aviation operations [2,3]. Although the main factors in causing aviation accidents are human errors, weather conditions have a relevant contribution [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is an NWP-Based Nowcasting System Suitable for Aviation Operations?

et al. 2022

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The growth of air transport demand expected over the next decades, along with the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfalls and severe storms due to climate change, will pose a tough challenge for air traffic management systems, with implications for flight safety, delays and passengers. In this context, the Satellite-borne and IN-situ Observations to Predict The Initiation of Convection for ATM (SINOPTICA) project has a dual aim, first to investigate if very short-range high-resolution weather forecast, including data assimilation, can improve the predictive capability of these events, and then to understand if such forecasts can be suitable for air traffic management purposes. The intense squall line that affected Malpensa, the major airport by passenger traffic in northern Italy, on 11 May 2019 is selected as a benchmark. Several numerical experiments are performed with a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using two assimilation techniques, 3D-Var in WRF Data Assimilation (WRFDA) system and a nudging scheme for lightning, in order to improve the forecast accuracy and to evaluate the impact of assimilated different datasets. To evaluate the numerical simulations performance, three different verification approaches, object-based, fuzzy and qualitative, are used. The results suggest that the assimilation of lightning data plays a key role in triggering the convective cells, improving both location and timing. Moreover, the numerical weather prediction (NWP)-based nowcasting system is able to produce reliable forecasts at high spatial and temporal resolution. The timing was found to be suitable for helping Air Traffic Management (ATM) operators to compute alternative landing trajectories.

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Aviation Meteorology: Observations and Models. Introduction

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

The Effects of Display Type, Weather Type, and Pilot Experience on Pilot Interpretation of Weather Products

The Effects of Display Type, Weather Type, and Pilot Experience on Pilot Interpretation of Weather Products

A case study of the life cycle of a stratus‐lowering coastal‐fog event in Newfoundland, Canada

Is an NWP-Based Nowcasting System Suitable for Aviation Operations?

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