Awareness and Impact Of Wins on Female Surgical Trainees

Walsh, Una; Meyer, F. J.

doi:10.1308/147363511x558155

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Unfortunately, we do not know why female representation in certain specialties is increasing more than others, and we have no strong evidence of which initiatives have worked or are transferable across a wide range of surgical specialities. 11 We hope that specific specialties have identified barriers for women in surgery and created more equitable training, and worry that other specialties with greater degrees of implicit bias and hidden curriculums are not changing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender diversity in UK surgical specialties: a national observational study

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesTo compare gender diversity between UK surgical specialties, assess trends over time, and estimate when gender parity might be achieved.DesignObservational study.SettingNational Health Service, UK.ParticipantsNHS Hospital & Community Health Service workforce statistics for 2011 to 2020Main outcome measuresLogistic regression was used to compare female representation in 2020 between surgical specialties, and to examine for any significant trends between 2011 and 2020. The method of least squares was used to estimate when female representation of specialty registrars would reach 50% (‘gender parity’) for specialties with <40% female representation.ResultsIn 2020, female consultant and specialty registrar representation was significantly different between surgical specialties (both p<0.001). Female representation for each specialty were as follows (from highest to lowest): Specialty Registrars—Ophthalmology 49.7%, Otolaryngology 48.2%, Paediatric Surgery 45.5%, Plastic Surgery 42.2%, General Surgery 39.8%, Urology 31.6%, Vascular Surgery 25.0%, Neurosurgery 24.7%, Cardiothoracic Surgery 21.3%, and Trauma and Orthopaedics 20.6%; Consultants—Ophthalmology 32.4%, Paediatric Surgery 31.7%, Plastic Surgery 20.9%, General Surgery 17.5%, Otolaryngology 17%, Vascular Surgery 13.7%, Urology 11.7%, Cardiothoracic Surgery 10.8%, Neurosurgery 8.2%, and Trauma and Orthopaedics 7.3%. There was a significant positive trend in female representation of specialty registrars between 2011 and 2020 for all specialties except for Paediatric Surgery (representation consistently >45%) and Vascular Surgery (representation consistently <30%). General Surgery was estimated to achieve gender parity of their specialty registrars by 2028, Urology by 2033, Neurosurgery by 2064, Trauma and Orthopaedics by 2070, and Cardiothoracic Surgery by 2082.ConclusionsDespite improvements over the last decade, gender disparity persists in the UK surgical workforce and there are significant differences between surgical specialties. Further work is necessary to establish the reasons for these observed differences with a specific focus on Vascular Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, and Trauma and Orthopaedics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few intra-speciality studies have described a lack of gender diversity but, to the authors’ knowledge, no inter-specialty comparative study has ever been performed. 11 12 This study aims to compare gender diversity between UK surgical specialties, analyse trends over time, and estimate when gender parity might be achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender diversity in UK surgical specialties: a national observational study

et al. 2022

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“…5 Attempts to attract and retain women in surgery have been confounded by poor understanding of the problem. 6 Most researchers have used quantitative methods to investigate contributory factors. These methods have re sulted in lists of possible factors, such as insufficient role models, insufficient institutional support, gender discrimination and harassment, 7 sleep deprivation, adverse interactions with seniors, 8 pregnancy and child birth, 9,10 and childrearing duties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do women leave surgical training? A qualitative and feminist study

2019

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Background Women are under-represented in surgery and leave training in higher proportions than men. Studies in this area are without a feminist lens and predominantly use quantitative methods not well suited to the complexity of the problem. MethodsIn this qualitative study, a researcher interviewed women who had chosen to leave surgical training. Women were recruited using a purposive snowball strategy through the routine communications of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Trainee Association over a 3-week period, and were interviewed over the following 4 months in the past 4 years in person or by telephone. More specific details are available on request from the authors. Supported by male and female co-researchers, and in dialogue with study participants, she then coded the findings and defined themes. An explanatory model was developed by integrating findings with different theories and previous literature. The research team developed three aspects of the model into a visual analogue. Findings 12 women participated in the study, with all Australian states and territories, and New Zealand, as well as five medical specialty streams, represented. The time spent in training ranged from 6 months to 4 years, and all participants, except two, had trained in both metropolitan and rural locations. The findings confirmed factors identified in earlier reports as reasons women leave surgical training, and contributed six new factors: unavailability of leave, a distinction between valid and invalid reasons for leave, poor mental health, absence of interactions with the women in surgery section of their professional body and other supports, fear of repercussion, and lack of pathways for independent and specific support. The relationships between factors was complex and sometimes paradoxical. The visual analogue is a tower of blocks, with each block representing a factor that contributed to the decision to leave surgical training, and with the toppling of the tower representing the choice to leave. The visual analogue indicates that effective action requires attention to the contributory factors, the small actions that can topple the tower, and the contexts in which the blocks are stacked. Interpretation Women might be best helped by interventions that are alert to the possibility of unplanned negative effects, do not unduly focus on gender, and address multiple factors. This should inform interventions in surgical training, with attention to local social context, health-care setting, and training programme structure.

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“…W. Walsh, personal communication, August 14, 2012;F.S.Wu, personal communication, August 14, 2012). While citation and publication rate are frequently put forward as proxies of research quality and relevance (Anon, 1962;Clapham, 2005;de Meis, Velloso, Lannes, Carmo, & de Meis, 2003;De Rond & Miller, 2005;De Villiers & Malan, 1997;Good, 1964;Lofthouse, 1974;Mackay, 1974;Mitchell & Reichel, 1999;Nash & Walsh, 2000;Parchomovsky, 2000;Plümper & Radaelli, 2004;Qiu, 2010;Relman, 1977;Rhee, 2004;Smith, 2004;Yimin, 2001), differences between fields are not taken into account (Shin & Cummings, 2010). As this gap still exists, this paper takes a step towards forming a better understanding of the differences that exist in research expectations between fields within a university.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are Research Expectations? A Comparative Study of Different Academic Disciplines

2012

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This paper is intended to assist professors, administrators, librarians and other members of university level committees that must consider research expectations and research quality in academic fields that they lack. While this is not a problem for field experts, it is a difficulty when people are asked to make decisions in areas of study other than their own. This is commonly the case for senior university professors, librarians and administrators in regards to university wide decisions. The paper investigates this gap, through a study of 27 academic fields in 348 highly regarded universities. We find that there are almost always statistically significant differences in activity between academic fields, regardless of the metric one considers. However, it is possible to understand these differences by comparing the distribution of a known academic field to that of a field that one is not familiar with. Tables and information are provided to assist in the comparison of different fields of study on metrics such as: departmental publications and researcher level metrics of publications, citations, H-index, and total number of co-authors. The information can also be used to support decisions associated with promotion to senior posts such as endowed chairs and professorships. Information regarding specific universities and researchers are included in the data supplement.

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Awareness and Impact Of Wins on Female Surgical Trainees

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Gender diversity in UK surgical specialties: a national observational study

Gender diversity in UK surgical specialties: a national observational study

Why do women leave surgical training? A qualitative and feminist study

What are Research Expectations? A Comparative Study of Different Academic Disciplines

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