Axis-of-motion affects direction discrimination, not speed discrimination

Matthews, Nestor; Niu, Qian

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00300-9

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our data indicating that orientations are unequally represented in MT suggest an explanation for the behavioral finding that humans have a greater sensitivity to motion in cardinal directions than in oblique directions (7,(19)(20)(21)(22). Because neurons in MT are highly selective for both direction of motion and stimulus orientation, orientation specific differences in motion perception could be mediated, at least in part, by neurons in MT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Neurons of similar orientation or direction-of-motion selectivity are clustered into functional columns in MT (15-18). In addition, an oblique effect has been observed in humans for the perception of objects moving in cardinal vs. oblique directions (7,(19)(20)(21)(22). Because of a preponderance of direction-selective neurons, MT is thought to be important to the processing of visual motion (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Unequal representation of cardinal vs. oblique orientations in the middle temporal visual area

Xu¹,

Collins²,

Khaytin

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A possible neurobiological basis for the ''oblique effect'' is linked to the finding that more neural machinery is devoted to processing cardinal vs. oblique orientations in primary visual cortex (V1). We used optical imaging to determine whether more territory is devoted to processing horizontal and vertical orientations than oblique orientations in owl monkey middle temporal visual area (MT), a visual area highly sensitive to moving stimuli. We found that more of MT was devoted to representing cardinal than oblique orientations, and that the anisotropy was more prominent in parts of MT representing central vision (<10°). Neural responses to orientations of 0°and 90°were also greater than those to 45°and 135°. In comparison, an overrepresentation of cardinal orientations in the representation of central vision in owl monkey V1 was relatively small and inconsistent. Our data could explain the greater sensitivity to motion discrimination when stimuli are moved along cardinal meridians and suggest that the neural machinery necessary to explain the motion oblique effect either originates in MT or is enhanced at this level.oblique effect ͉ optical imaging ͉ orientation preference ͉ owl monkey ͉ visuotopic maps P rimary visual cortex (V1) of primates and a number of other mammals contains a retinotopic map of visual space with a map of stimulus orientations superimposed. Neurons selective for similar orientations are clustered together in regions devoted to a portion of visual space. One of the unexpected observations is that more cortical machinery is devoted to representing vertical and horizontal (cardinal) than oblique orientations, because more neurons are selective for cardinal orientations, and cardinal orientations produce a greater neuronal response (1-5). Although the functional consequences of greater representation of cardinal orientations are uncertain, a popular proposal is that such an anisotropy in human visual cortex underlies the ability of humans to better discriminate gratings and other visual stimuli with horizontal and vertical rather than oblique orientations (6-8). This psychophysical observation is known as the ''oblique effect,'' and the effect can be eccentricity-dependent (9, 10). Another proposal suggests that the greater representation promotes the stability of orientation tuning for neurons most sensitive to cardinal orientations, because stimulus adaptation can alter the tuning properties of cortical neurons (11). In either case, differences in the representation of stimulus features in V1 are expected to have significant perceptual consequences.Surprisingly, there have been no reports about anisotropies in the representation of orientation in primate visual areas outside V1, although few studies have ever investigated this issue beyond V1 (3,12,13). Yet there are reasons for believing that orientation anisotropies might be found in other visual cortical areas, especially the middle temporal visual area (MT; also known as V5), because MT receives direct and indirect inputs from V1, and...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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confidence: 99%

Unequal representation of cardinal vs. oblique orientations in the middle temporal visual area

Xu¹,

Collins²,

Khaytin

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A wide variety of visual tasks show better performance with horizontally or vertically oriented contours than with oblique ones (Appelle, 1972). There is consensus that the locus for this oblique effect is cortical because it manifests itself in such thresholds as line-orientation and alignment discrimination and the orientation of streaming random dots (Matthews and Qian, 1999;Westheimer, 2003b) but not in those depending predominantly on retinal processing, such as detection of the presence or discrimination of brightness of single lines, and to some extent also of resolution (Westheimer and Beard, 1998). Most of these experiments were performed with central vision, but when specifically looked for, an oblique effect can also be found in the periphery of the visual field (Davis and Zanker, 1998;Vandenbusche et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropies in peripheral vernier acuity

Westheimer

2005

Spatial Vis

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Abstract-Vernier acuity for short horizontal, vertical and oblique target lines was measured in many locations in the periphery of the visual field in normal human observers. In the 10 deg periphery, the average alignment threshold with oblique vernier lines in eight locations for three observers was 2.29 times higher than that with vertical and horizontal target lines. This oblique effect was found everywhere in the visual field. Similar conclusions are drawn for configurations in which the lines were replaced by just their distal endpoints, but here, additionally, performance was distinctly better when the dot pair was collinear with the fixation point, i.e. oriented radially, than when it was oriented tangentially. Both for vernier lines and for dot pairs, in all observers, horizontal configurations showed somewhat better thresholds than vertical ones. These results suggest an inherent pattern of connectivity throughout the visual field favoring processing in the cardinal orientations over the obliques, the radial over the tangential and, to a limited extent, the horizontal over the vertical.

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“…The reasoning behind the latter manipulation was that for the processing of visual motion it has been suggested that separate mechanisms may be employed for the processing of direction and speed (e.g. Matthews & Qian, 1999;Matthews, Luber, Qian, & Lisanby, 2001), and we wanted to explore if a similar separation might exist in the auditory domain. For example, if sound motion direction was processed separately from sound motion speed, one might observe a deficit in the perception of sound motion direction whilst perception of sound motion speed might be normal, or vice versa.…”

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confidence: 99%

A selective impairment of perception of sound motion direction in peripheral space: A case study

et al. 2016

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. (2018) 'A selective impairment of perception of sound motion direction in peripheral space : a case study. ', Neuropsychologia.,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia. 2015.11.008 Publisher's copyright statement: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Here, we report psychophysical data from a patient (female, 42 and 44 years old at the time of two testing sessions), who suffered a bilateral occipital infarction over 12 years earlier, and who has extensive damage in the occipital lobe bilaterally, extending into inferior posterior temporal cortex bilaterally and into right parietal cortex. We measured the patient's spatial hearing ability to discriminate static location, detect motion and perceive motion direction in both central (straight ahead), and right and left peripheral auditory space (50 degrees to the left and right of straight ahead). Compared to control subjects, the patient was impaired in her perception of direction of auditory motion in peripheral auditory space, and the deficit was more pronounced on the right side. However, there was no impairment in her perception of the direction of auditory motion in central space. Furthermore, detection of motion and discrimination of static location were normal in both central and peripheral space. The patient also performed normally in a wide battery of non-spatial audiological tests. Our data are consistent with previous neuropsychological and neuroimaging results that link posterior temporal cortex and parietal cortex with the processing of auditory motion. Most importantly, however, our data break new ground by suggesting a division of auditory motion processing in terms of speed and direction and in terms of central and peripheral space. Nov 6, 2015Dear Dr Murray,We are submitting a revised version of our manuscript "A selective impairment of perception of sound motion direction in peripheral space: A case study" for publication in Neuropsychologia.We revised our manuscript in response to the reviewer's comments, and we feel that it has improved as a result of the revisions. We have also included a detailed response to all of the reviewer's comments. We hope that you will find the revised version of our manuscript suitable for publication in Neuropsychologia. With best wishes, on behalf of all authors,Reviewer #1: 1. I apologise to authors and editors for delay 2. I have read the revised manuscript and rebuttal and recommend publication. 3. I think there are inter...

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Axis-of-motion affects direction discrimination, not speed discrimination

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Unequal representation of cardinal vs. oblique orientations in the middle temporal visual area

Unequal representation of cardinal vs. oblique orientations in the middle temporal visual area

Anisotropies in peripheral vernier acuity

A selective impairment of perception of sound motion direction in peripheral space: A case study

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