Axonal transport of a heat shock protein in the rabbit visual system.

Clark, Bruce D.; Brown, Ian R.

doi:10.1073/pnas.82.4.1281

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…16 Among these, HSP27 is expressed in preganglionic parasympathetic cholinergic neurons of the nucleus ambiguus that project to the heart in the vagus nerves. 25 Because heat-shock proteins are synthesized in neuronal somata and transported antegradely to axonal terminals, 26,27 we anticipated finding HSP27-IR colocalized with ChAT-IR in axons in the heart. The vagal preganglionic fibers innervate intrinsic cardiac neurons, and not cardiomyocytes directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Constitutive expression of HSP27 in neural tissues in the heart may indicate that this protein functions to help resist physiological stress on neural control of cardiac function. Although the precise role of HSP27 in cardiac neurons is unclear, it may aid in axonal transport and synaptic function 27,28 and could act to protect or stabilize neuronal function after ischemia, possibly helping to suppress arrhythmias. 29,30 In contrast to the pattern of HSP27 labeling, HSP70-IR was not detected in the intracardiac nervous system either in control hearts or after heat shock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confocal Microscopic Localization of Constitutive and Heat Shock–Induced Proteins HSP70 and HSP27 in the Rat Heart

2000

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Background-Heat-shock treatment of rats elevates expression of heat-shock proteins, which play a role in improving the contractile recovery and reducing infarct size in hearts after ischemic injury. However, the location of these proteins in the heart is unknown. Methods and Results-Anesthetized rats were heat-shocked by elevation of body temperature to 42°C to 42.5°C for 15 minutes, followed by 24 hours of recovery. Control and heat-shocked hearts were extirpated and perfused briefly with saline followed by 2% paraformaldehyde in PBS. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of control hearts revealed that HSP27 was localized in cardiomyocytes in a pattern reminiscent of Z bands and was colocalized with neuronal markers in somata and axons. No obvious change in HSP27 content or distribution occurred after heat shock. Confocal microscopy revealed little or no HSP70 in control hearts. After heat shock, HSP70 was detected neither in cardiomyocytes nor in neuronal elements within the heart, but HSP70 was abundant in small blood vessels found between the ventricular cardiomyocytes. Conclusions-Heat shock induces a cell type-specific expression of HSP70 in blood vessels but not myocytes or intrinsic cardiac neurons, suggesting that blood vessels play a primary role in myocardial protection. (Circulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal Microscopic Localization of Constitutive and Heat Shock–Induced Proteins HSP70 and HSP27 in the Rat Heart

2000

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“…There are also findings indicating that a PKA‐sensitive pathway could activate Akt (Sable et al, 1997) and in particular, heat shock proteins have been ascribed a role in the maintenance of Akt kinase activity (Murashov et al, 2001; Fujita et al, 2002). Various heat shock family members have also been shown to be transported axonally (Clark and Brown, 1985; Tytell and Barbe, 1987). Interestingly, there are some reports suggesting that neurons may get protection by transfer of heat shock proteins from surrounding glial cells (Tytell et al, 1986; Guzhova et al, 2001), a phenomenon that might be accentuated in neurons having to maintain the integrity of long axonal processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in neuronal survival and axonal outgrowth of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia explants

Edström

Ekström

2003

J of Neuroscience Research

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Adult ganglionic peripheral neurons have lost dependence on target-derived neurotrophin signaling for survival and regeneration after injury. To understand the mechanisms required to sustain such processes at maturity, we are studying neuronal survival and axonal outgrowth of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants. We have here examined the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activity. Both neuronal survival and axonal outgrowth of spontaneously growing preparations were decreased significantly by the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 as was the increased outgrowth caused by nerve growth factor or glial cell line-derived factor. Inhibition of PI3-K activity promoted neuronal cell death to the same extent in the presence as in the absence of a growth factor, whereas inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK, lacked effect. Using a compartmentalized system, it could be shown that only axonal outgrowth was decreased when the outgrowth region only was exposed to LY294002. Already-formed growth cones showed morphological changes within 5-10 min after exposure to LY294002. Akt (PKB) is one downstream effector of PI3-K. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of activated Akt in DRG cell bodies and in axonal growth cones. Immunoreactivity was decreased by PI3-K inhibition. The results suggest that Akt is constitutively active in adult DRG neurons, and that PI3-K mediated processes are involved in neuronal survival of one or more DRG neuronal subpopulations and also in axonal elongation. The possible significance of Akt signaling for these effects is discussed.

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“…These uncoating isoproteins are, in turn, extremely similar-in antibody cross-reactivity, clathrin binding, molecular weight, isoelectric points, and peptide mapping-to the 70 kDa stress-induced (heat-shock) proteins (Ungewickell, 1985;Chappell et al, 1986). These stress proteins are synthesized in neurons (Greenberg and Lasek, 1985) and axonally transported (Clark and Brown, 1985). The stress proteins are also similar-by peptide mapping, molecular weight, and PI-to another set of brain isoproteins, the microtubule associated proteins (MAPS) (Whatley et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An estradiol-induced protein synthesized in the ventral medial hypothalamus and transported to the midbrain central gray

et al. 1988

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Estradiol (E2) facilitates the lordosis reflex that occurs in response to flank stimulation in female rats. Lordosis appears to be regulated in part by the synthesis of proteins in the ventral medial hypothalamus (VMH) that are transported to the midbrain central gray (MCG). We developed a strategy involving microinfusion of radioactive amino acids, followed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, to identify proteins that may be regulated by E2 in the VMH and transported to the MCG. A mixture of 35S-methionine and 35S-cysteine (2:1, total 500–1000 microCi), suspended in 1 microliter PBS, was infused bilaterally into the VMH over a period of 2 hr into matched pairs of ovariectomized female rats, one of which was given a Silastic implant containing E2 at the beginning of infusion or 1 week earlier. The rats were sacrificed 12 hr after the end of infusion, and several brain regions were obtained by microdissection. Samples were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, entailing isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and SDS-PAGE (molecular-weight separation) in the second dimension, followed by fluorography. We could routinely separate at least 250 spots. We consistently found a protein spot with an apparent molecular weight of 70 kDa, pI of about 5.9, which almost always appeared in the VMH and MCG of rats given E2 replacement but very rarely in samples from ovariectomized rats given no E2 replacement. A spot immediately acidic to this protein (70 kDa, pl about 5.8) appeared to vary inversely with this E2-induced protein.

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Axonal transport of a heat shock protein in the rabbit visual system.

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Confocal Microscopic Localization of Constitutive and Heat Shock–Induced Proteins HSP70 and HSP27 in the Rat Heart

Confocal Microscopic Localization of Constitutive and Heat Shock–Induced Proteins HSP70 and HSP27 in the Rat Heart

Role of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in neuronal survival and axonal outgrowth of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia explants

An estradiol-induced protein synthesized in the ventral medial hypothalamus and transported to the midbrain central gray

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