Axonal transport of neuropeptide encoding mRNAs within the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract of rats.

Mohr, Evita; Fehr, Susanne; Richter, Dietmar

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07781.x

Cited by 158 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Present studies are aimed at validating these observations before determining the functions of these genes in transgenic animals. It has been hypothesized that some transcripts that increase in abundance in the NIL as a consequence of dehydration are in fact transported from MCN cell bodies, down the axons to nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary (42,43). One such RNA encodes VP (44), also identified here as being up-regulated in the NIL by chronic dehydration (Table 11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A comprehensive description of the transcriptome of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system in euhydrated and dehydrated rats

Hindmarch

Yao

Beighton

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

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The hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system (HNS) consists of the large peptidergic magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic hypothalamic nucleus (SON) and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), the axons of which course through the internal zone of the median eminence and terminate at blood capillaries of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The HNS is a specialized brain neurosecretory apparatus responsible for the production of the antidiuretic peptide hormone vasopressin (VP). VP maintains water balance by promoting water conservation at the level of the kidney. Dehydration evokes a massive increase in the regulated release of VP from magnocellular neuron axon terminals in the posterior pituitary, which is accompanied by a plethora of changes in the morphology, electrophysiological properties, and biosynthetic and secretory activity of the HNS. We wish to understand this functional plasticity in terms of the differential expression of genes. We have therefore used microarrays to comprehensively catalog the genes expressed in the PVN, the SON and the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of control and dehydrated rats. Comparison of these gene lists has enabled us to identify transcripts that are regulated as a consequence of dehydration as well as RNAs that are enriched in the PVN or the SON. We suggest that these differentially expressed genes represent candidate regulators and effectors of HNS activity and remodeling.T he hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system (HNS) consists of the large peptidergic magnocellular neurons (MCNs) (cell body diameter, 20-40 m) of the supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei (SON) and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (PVN), the axons of which course through the internal zone of the median eminence and terminate at blood capillaries of the posterior (neural) lobe of the pituitary gland (1). The SON is a homogenous collection of MCNs, whereas the PVN is divided into a lateral and more medial subdivision of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons respectively. Parvocellular neurons have smaller cells bodies (10-15 m) whose axons project to the external zone of the median eminence (2) and to the brainstem and spinal cord (3). Additional structural and functional components of the HNS include the associated glia (mainly astrocytes with oligodendrocytes and microglia seen rarely), blood vessels, interneurons, and afferent terminals synapsing on MCN somata and dendrites, all of which are intimately associated with MCNs and with each other.The PVN and SON are important integrative structures that regulate coordinated responses to perturbations in cardiovascular homeostasis. Through descending projections from parvocellular neurons to the brainstem, notably the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord (3), the PVN regulates changes in sympathetic nerve activity involved in blood pressure and blood volume regulation (3). Endocrine responses are mediated through the axonal projections from SON and PVN MCNs to the posterior pituitary. The e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A comprehensive description of the transcriptome of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system in euhydrated and dehydrated rats

Hindmarch

Yao

Beighton

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

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“…Again, the axonal OT mRNA content was much less affected by hypoosmolality, although a reduction was apparent after 2 weeks of DDAVP administration. A differential accumulation of AVP and OT transcripts in the axonal compartment has also been observed in response to salt loading for seven days which induced a 17-fold increase in the abundance of AVP-encoding transcripts while OT mRNA levels were only moderately increased [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Both AVP and OT mRNAs are subject to axonal targeting [7][8][9] and hyperosmolar stimuli give rise to a differential increase in the level of AVP (17-fold) and OT (3-fold) mRNAs in the axonal compartment [8,[10][11][12]. The axonal transcripts exhibit shorter poly(A) tracts than their counterparts in the cell bodies [2], and a poly(A) tail polymorphism following osmotic challenge is not observed for these transcripts [12]. In the present experiments we have attempted to determine the intracellular distribution of the peptide hormone mRNAs in response to a hypoosmolar stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hypoosmolality on the abundance, poly(A) tail length and axonal targeting of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs in rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons

et al. 1995

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Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) mRNAs are targeted to the axonal compartment of rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. Salt-loading results in a considerable rise in hypothalamic and axonal AVP mRNA but only a moderate increase for axonal OT mRNA. Here we report that hypoosmolality gives rise to a rapid decrease of axonal AVP encoding transcripts to undetectable levels after 2 weeks. The levels of OT mRNA in the axonal compartment did not change significantly. In the hypothalamus the mRNA for AVP also decreased. The size of the poly(A) tract of AVP encoding transcripts appeared to be strictly correlated with plasma osmolality. In contrast, the amount and size of OT encoding mRNAs were only moderately or not influenced by hypoosmolar stimuli.infusion of the AVP V2-receptor agonist 1-deamino-[8-D-arginine] vasopressin (DDAVP) by use of subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps combined with a liquid diet to induce overhydration. In the hypothalamus hypoosmolality induced a reduction in both the abundance of AVP mRNA and the length of its poly(A) tract; the latter appears to be strictly correlated with plasma osmolality. In addition, a rapid and steady depletion of the axonal AVP mRNA pool was observed with undetectable levels after 2 weeks of overhydration. Surprisingly, the oxytocinergic system was considerably less affected by this treatment. Materials and methods

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“…The first three RNAs identified in dendrites were the mRNAs encoding MAP2 (15) and CaMKII␣ (16) as well as BC1 RNA, a noncoding RNA polymerase III transcript (17). These were joined by neuropeptide-encoding transcripts in the axonal domain (18). Today, research is focused on the mechanism of RNA transport in neuronal processes and on the elucidation of the signals involved-both at the level of RNA (cis-acting elements) and proteins (trans-acting factors).…”

Section: Localized Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular kinesis in cellular function and plasticity

Tiedge¹,

Bloom²,

Richter³

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Intracellular transport and localization of cellular components are essential for the functional organization and plasticity of eukaryotic cells. Although the elucidation of protein transport mechanisms has made impressive progress in recent years, intracellular transport of RNA remains less well understood. The National Academy of Sciences Colloquium on Molecular Kinesis in Cellular Function and Plasticity therefore was devised as an interdisciplinary platform for participants to discuss intracellular molecular transport from a variety of different perspectives. Topics covered at the meeting included RNA metabolism and transport, mechanisms of protein synthesis and localization, the formation of complex interactive protein ensembles, and the relevance of such mechanisms for activity-dependent regulation and synaptic plasticity in neurons. It was the overall objective of the colloquium to generate momentum and cohesion for the emerging research field of molecular kinesis.

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Axonal transport of neuropeptide encoding mRNAs within the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract of rats.

Cited by 158 publications

References 23 publications

A comprehensive description of the transcriptome of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system in euhydrated and dehydrated rats

A comprehensive description of the transcriptome of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system in euhydrated and dehydrated rats

Effect of hypoosmolality on the abundance, poly(A) tail length and axonal targeting of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs in rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons

Molecular kinesis in cellular function and plasticity

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