Azadirachta indica as a Source for Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Polyphenolic Compounds

Abstract

Cancer is a life threatening malignant tumor, caused by many factors including the oxidative stress. Medicinal plants containing phenolic compounds represent an important source of antioxidant and anticancer drugs. Azadirachta indica Family: Meliaceae contains variety of bioactive components of numerous biological and pharmacological properties. This study explored the constitutive polyphenols of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) growing in KSA and evaluated its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds from the leaves of A. indica were established by spectral techniques (UV, MS, 1H, and 13 C NMR, and two dimentional NMR). The colourimetric assay (SRB) used to evaluate the cytotoxicity against HCT 116 , MCF 7 and Hep-G 2 cell lines. Chromatographic separation of 80% Ethanol extract of the leaves of A. indica have resulted in seven polyphenolic compounds three of them isolated for the first time from this species (2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α α α α α/β β β β β)-D-glucopyranose, Avicularin and Castalagin) and four known previously isolated compounds (Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Quercetin and Quercetin-3-O-glucoside). The 80% Ethanol extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts, which is correlated with its phenolic content. The ethanolic extract, compounds 4 and 6 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 , MCF 7 and Hep-G 2. These findings revealed that the leaves of A. indica contains a considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds with significant antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, consequently it could be considered as a great potential source for natural health products.

A new sucrase enzyme inhibitor fromAzadirachta indica

“…The dried residue of 80% EtOH extract, which was extracted with pet-ether for defatting, was chromatographed on a polyamide column followed by successive separation on Sephadex LH-20 CC and cellulose CC for purification. The isolated pure compounds were identified by different chromatographic and spectral techniques such as UV, 1 H, 13 C NMR, two-dimensional NMR, and negative ESI-MS. As discussed in the published data,[ 18 ] the isolated known compounds have been identified as 2, 3-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-( α / β )-D- 4 C 1 -glucopyranose (2), avicularin (3), castalagin, (4) and quercetin-3- O -glucoside (5). In addition to the new compound isolated for the 1 st time from nature identified as 4’-methyl quercetin-7-O- β -D-glucuronopyranoside (1) is identified according to the following:…”

“…Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectra were measured according to previously published conditions. [ 18 ]…”

“…These compounds were visualized by spraying with Naturstoff (for flavonoids) and nitrous acid or KIO 3 reagents (for tannins) as illustrated previously by Abdelhady et al ., 2015. [ 18 ]…”

“…[ 16 17 ] Our previous study revealed that the leaves of A. indica contain a considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds with significant antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. [ 18 ] Hence, it is interesting to investigate the in vitro anti-diabetic activity of alcoholic extract of A. indica and the isolated polyphenolic compounds through the performance of sucrase inhibitory activity test.…”

Spasmolytic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activity of Salvia Gesneriflora Lindley

“…and by comparison with the data described in the literature, this compound (Figure 3) was identified as quercetin glucoside (Quercetin-3-O-glucoside)(Abdelhady et al, 2015). Structure of the quercetin glucoside isolated from Salvia gesneriflora(4).…”