Azopolymer photopatterning for directional control of angiogenesis

Fedele, Chiara; Gregorio, María de los Ángeles Pérez San; Netti, Paolo A.; Cavalli, Silvia; Attanasio, Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.022

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Among the various 3D liver‐like tissue models described so far the one based on hepatocyte spheroids remains the most widely accepted, specially due to its capability to assure cell‐cell interaction in an effective 3D fashion (Kelm, Timmins, Brown, Fussenegger, & Nielsen, ). Spheroids, indeed, are spherical cell clusters suitable to be cultured in suspension, embedded in a 3D matrix or in a semi‐3D setting for specific purposes (Charoen, Fallica, Colson, Zaman, & Grinstaff, ; Fedele, De Gregorio, Netti, Cavalli, & Attanasio, ). They can be fabricated by the “hanging drop” or the “liquid overlay” methods, or by using micro bioreactors and microwells (Choe, Ha, Choi, Choi, & Sung, ; Costa, de Melo‐Diogo, Moreira, Carvalho, & Correia, ; Gunness et al, ; Sarvi, Arbatan, Chan, & Shen, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spheroids, indeed, are spherical cell clusters suitable to be cultured in suspension, embedded in a 3D matrix or in a semi-3D setting for specific purposes (Charoen, Fallica, Colson, Zaman, & Grinstaff, 2014;Fedele, De Gregorio, Netti, Cavalli, & Attanasio, 2017). They can be fabricated by the "hanging drop" or the "liquid overlay" methods, or by using micro bioreactors and microwells (Choe, Ha, Choi, Choi, & Sung, 2017;Costa, de Melo-Diogo, Moreira, Carvalho, & Correia, 2017;Gunness et al, 2013;Sarvi, Arbatan, Chan, & Shen, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A three‐dimensional microfluidized liver system to assess hepatic drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity

Corrado

Gregorio

Imparato

et al. 2019

Biotech & Bioengineering

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In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a liver system on a chip. We first chose the most suitable three‐dimensional liver‐like model between cell spheroids and microtissue precursors, both based on the use of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) to provide proof‐of‐concept data. Spheroids displayed high cell density but low expression of the typical hepatic biomarkers, whereas microtissue precursors showed stable viability and function over the entire culture time. The two liver‐like models were compared in terms of cell viability, function, metabolism, and the P‐glycoprotein 1 (P‐gp) transport‐protein expression with the microtissue precursors showing the best performance. Thus, we cultured them into a microfluidic biochip featured with three parallel channels shaped to mimic the hepatic sinusoids. To assess the detoxification potential of the microtissue‐loaded biochip we challenged it with a model molecule (ethanol) at different concentrations and time points. Ethanol cytotoxicity was detected by a noninvasive measurement of cell viability based on cell autofluorescence. As expected, a dose‐dependent decrease of albumin and urea secretion was observed in the ethanol‐treated samples. We believe that the described totally human‐derived platform, suitable for integration into a multiorgan microfluidic system, can provide a consistent innovative platform for drug development and toxicity studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional microfluidized liver system to assess hepatic drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity

Corrado

Gregorio

Imparato

et al. 2019

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…This requirement can be realized by using a common laser scanning microscope equipped with a thermochamber, where a focused laser beam can be scanned over the surface of the azo polymers, leading to the inscription of desired surface topographies (Figure b) . Embossed patterns can be reversibly erased by incoherent light illumination after cell medium removal for about 30 s, and this technique has also been used for directing angiogenesis via an in vitro spheroid assay . Rossano et al then demonstrated the successful use of imprinted circular topographies via focused laser scanning in a cell‐populated area .…”

Section: Interfacing Azo To Bio: An Eye Toward Influencing Living Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoreversible Soft Azo Dye Materials: Toward Optical Control of Bio‐Interfaces

Chang

Fedele

Priimägi

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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systems interact with artificial materials, researchers have now assembled a versatile toolkit of materials and processes that allows one to fine-tune interactions at the interface, tailoring specific biological responses on demand. These strategies for biocontrol can be broadly categorized as chemical (charge, ligand presence, surface groups), material changes (moisture content, stiffness), or morphological changes (molecular orientation, surface topography, or mechanical actuation). Rational design of materials for biological interface applications has a unique set of challenges due to the unique requirements of a wide range of biological systems, since different tissues present specific compositions, with their own elasticity, structural organization, and triggering mechanisms. Even within a single organ or tissue, mechanical properties can vary widely depending on the region. A recent study of viscoelasticity in live mouse brain tissue for example found a tenfold difference within the brain depending on the region and morphological structure studied. [2] However, most biological tissues are far less stiff, and far more viscoelastic than typical artificial materials employed at their interface, especially early artificial cell culture materials, which can be much stiffer than in vivo extracellular matrix by many orders of magnitude. [3] In vivo, cells interface with a surrounding microenvironment consisting of an intricate macromolecular network of proteins and sugars swollen in an aqueous media gel. Therefore, the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the body is complex and involves a variety of cues related to topography, chemical markers, protein composition, solubility factors, and mechanical properties such as stiffness and elasticity (Figure 1a). [4] Yet much research over the past decades was focused on studying in vitro the effects of each of these signals on cell behavior, with a particular interest on the chemical factors, whereas only recently more advanced biomaterials with controlled physicomechanical properties have been developed, such as those with tunable and variable stiffness, alignment and orientation of key functional groups, and mechanical actuation. There is a large range of stiffness in human tissue, where bone (≈100 GPa) is nine orders of magnitude harder than brain tissue (≈0.1 kPa). [4] Therefore, biomaterial researchers assume a complex task of providing materials and processing technologies for controlling stiffness and micro-and nanostructures in Photoreversible optically switchable azo dye molecules in polymer-based materials can be harnessed to control a wide range of physical, chemical, and mechanical material properties in response to light, that can be exploited for optical control over the bio-interface. As a stimulus for reversibly influencing adjacent biological cells or tissue, light is an ideal triggering mechanism, since it can be highly localized (in time and space) for precise and dynamic control over a biosystem, and low-power visible light...

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“…[31][32][33] As an alternative, projection masks [34] or laser interference lithography can be used. [32,33,39] It should be observed, however, that the mechanism underlying the SR formation is affected by strong interactions with the substrate itself, thus limiting the maximum corrugation height (lower than 1 μm) produced on the film surface. [32,33,39] It should be observed, however, that the mechanism underlying the SR formation is affected by strong interactions with the substrate itself, thus limiting the maximum corrugation height (lower than 1 μm) produced on the film surface.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/advs201801826mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative, projection masks or laser interference lithography can be used . Exposure with circularly polarized light or temperature ramps can quickly erase the inscribed topographic patterns, thus allowing multiple writing/erasure steps on azopolymeric film hosting cells already attached on the surface . It should be observed, however, that the mechanism underlying the SR formation is affected by strong interactions with the substrate itself, thus limiting the maximum corrugation height (lower than 1 µm) produced on the film surface .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Cells with Light‐Controlled Topographies

et al. 2019

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Cell–substrate interactions can modulate cellular behaviors in a variety of biological contexts, including development and disease. Light‐responsive materials have been recently proposed to engineer active substrates with programmable topographies directing cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. However, current approaches are affected by either fabrication complexity, limitations in the extent of mechanical stimuli, lack of full spatio‐temporal control, or ease of use. Here, a platform exploiting light to plastically deform micropatterned polymeric substrates is presented. Topographic changes with remarkable relief depths in the micron range are induced in parallel, by illuminating the sample at once, without using raster scanners. In few tens of seconds, complex topographies are instructed on demand, with arbitrary spatial distributions over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Proof‐of‐concept data on breast cancer cells and normal kidney epithelial cells are presented. Both cell types adhere and proliferate on substrates without appreciable cell damage upon light‐induced substrate deformations. User‐provided mechanical stimulation aligns and guides cancer cells along the local deformation direction and constrains epithelial colony growth by biasing cell division orientation. This approach is easy to implement on general‐purpose optical microscopy systems and suitable for use in cell biology in a wide variety of applications.

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Azopolymer photopatterning for directional control of angiogenesis

Cited by 28 publications

References 38 publications

A three‐dimensional microfluidized liver system to assess hepatic drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity

A three‐dimensional microfluidized liver system to assess hepatic drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity

Photoreversible Soft Azo Dye Materials: Toward Optical Control of Bio‐Interfaces

Driving Cells with Light‐Controlled Topographies

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