Coordination and Precipitation of Calcium Oxalate: Computation to Kinetics

Abstract

The precipitation kinetics of calcium oxalate was investigated using a novel acidic reaction rate control and pH-monitoring method and a sequence of acid–base, coordination, nucleation, and growth differential equations. The results indicate that the complex formation is remarkably favorable and is diffusion rate-limited. The nucleation reaction is shown to initiate via the molecular assembly of near-zwitterionically polarized complexes. From experimental results, growth and formation of the crystal phase leads to an enthalpically less stabilized state.

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization: Influence of pH, Energy Input, and Supersaturation Ratio on the Synthesis of Artificial Kidney Stones

“…32 Furthermore, the monohydrate is the most stable form which might be precipitated around the COD crystallites, which explains their presence and dominance in the IR and Raman spectra. 22,32,45 Additionally, the transformation of trihydrate to dihydrate, caoxite, which has been observed in the XRD as well, during the incubation time is possible. 43 The experiments focusing on the influence of the supersaturation ratio were performed at a pH of 5 as the risk of crystallization of calcium oxalate in urine is the highest at a pH between 4.5 and 5.5.…”

“…For the complete transformation of COD to its monohydrate structure, an incubation time of 24 h is needed. , However, the drying process can affect the hydration state of the pseudopolymorphs . Furthermore, the monohydrate is the most stable form which might be precipitated around the COD crystallites, which explains their presence and dominance in the IR and Raman spectra. ,, Additionally, the transformation of trihydrate to dihydrate, caoxite, which has been observed in the XRD as well, during the incubation time is possible …”

An Ion‐Engineering Strategy to Design Hollow FeCo/CoFe2O4 Microspheres for High‐Performance Microwave Absorption

“…This is supported by the coordination–nucleation theory, adsorption‐oriented growth principle, or multiple competition‐balance mechanism. [ 11,13–18 ] For example, Wang et al. exploited hydrogen bonds and the steric effect of amine ions to assemble 3D α‐Co(OH) 2 nanoflowers with 2D curly nanosheets.…”

“…This is supported by the coordination-nucleation theory, adsorption-oriented growth principle, or multiple competitionbalance mechanism. [11,[13][14][15][16][17][18] For example, Wang et al exploited hydrogen bonds and the steric effect of amine ions to assemble 3D α-Co(OH) 2 nanoflowers with 2D curly nanosheets. [19] Similarly, Pd cubes, octahedra, and cuboctopods had been synthesized by chemisorbing halide ions on a specific surface, enlightened by the facet-dependent growth theory.…”