Retracted: TGFβ1-Induced LncRNA UCA1 Upregulation Promotes Gastric Cancer Invasion and Migration

Abstract

According to recent studies, long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) is involved in the development and progression of many malignant tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). We validated the detailed role of UCA1 in human GC cell lines and GC tissues so as to determine its exact function and the underlying mechanism of GC invasion and migration. In our research, lncRNA-UCA1 was specifically upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and augmented GC cell proliferation, and invasive and migratory capabilities. High UCA1 expression in GC was related with poorer prognosis (poorer invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM [T is for the original (primary) tumor, N for nearby (regional) lymph nodes that are involved, and M for distant metastasis] stage, and shorter overall survival). Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), associated with malignancy of cancers, was reported to be responsible for invasion and migration of cancer cells. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced EMT was well evaluated. UCA1 silence reduced the protein levels of EMT-related factors, vimentin and snail, while promoted E-cadherin and zonula occludens-1 protein levels in GC cells; the effect of UCA1 could be partly restored by TGFβ1 treatment. Taken together, UCA1 might regulate the tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis under TGFβ1 induction. Taken together, UCA1 might present a potential oncogenic factor by promoting GC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. UCA1 could serve as a novel biomarker for prognosis and a novel therapeutic target of GC treatment.

Retracted: Knockdown of long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma–associated 1 inhibits cell viability, migration, and invasion by regulating microRNA‐182 in gastric carcinoma

“…18,19 As an important member of lncRNAs, UCA1 has been widely reported in various cancers and has received considerable attention from scholars. 22,23 Our study was propinquity to these findings that UCA1 was upregulated in the GC cell line of SNU-216 and knockdown of UCA1 significantly inhibited SNU-216 and SGC-7091 cells' viability, migration, and invasion, and regulated the expression of apoptosis-associated factors. Similarly, upregulated UCA1 was found in GC tissues and cells; moreover, abnormal expression UCA1 was associated with cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis of GC cells.…”

“…Similarly, upregulated UCA1 was found in GC tissues and cells; moreover, abnormal expression UCA1 was associated with cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis of GC cells. 22,23 Our study was propinquity to these findings that UCA1 was upregulated in the GC cell line of SNU-216 and knockdown of UCA1 significantly inhibited SNU-216 and SGC-7091 cells' viability, migration, and invasion, and regulated the expression of apoptosis-associated factors. These results suggested that UCA1 knockdown acted as a tumor suppressor in GC.…”

Long Non-Coding RNAs: Key Regulators of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Tumour Drug Resistance and Cancer Stem Cells

“…UCA1 has also been shown to suppress metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer by functioning as a ceRNA for miR-485-5p [188], a miRNA which blocks EMT and metastasis through its targeting of MMP14 and HMGA2 [188,300]. UCA1 has also been shown to regulate EMT in Gastric Cancer as, silencing of UCA1 resulted in decreased levels of vimentin and snail, with concomitant elevated levels of E-cadherin [196]. It has also been shown to induce EMT in breast cancer by enhancing Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway, and again silencing of UCA1 resulted in increased expression of E-cadherin but decreased expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail [192].…”

“…Conversely, linc01133, which inhibits EMT in CRC, has been found to be downregulated in response to TGF-β signalling in CRC [268]. It is clear that lncRNAs play critical roles in both TGF-β signalling and its regulation of EMT and the numbers of lncRNAs associated with this continue to grow with recent additional examples include UCA1 [196], MEG3 [398] and BX357664 [399]. …”

LncRNA‐PVT1 promotes pancreatic cancer cells proliferation and migration through acting as a molecular sponge to regulate miR‐448

“…Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of RNA molecule larger than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins (Ponting, Oliver, & Reik, ). Recent reports highlighted the important role of lncRNAs in roles in gene regulation and various aspects of tumor cellular homeostasis, including tumor cell growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis (Li et al, ; Niu et al, ; Xi & Song, ; Zuo et al, ). Long‐noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), located at 8q24.21, has been reported aberrantly expressed in many human cancers.…”