Identification and origin of races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola from Africa and other bean growing areas

Taylor, John D.; Teverson, D.; Allen, David J.; Pastor‐Corrales, M. A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-147.x

Cited by 109 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…The type races of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1281A (race 1), 1301A (race 3), 1302A (race 4), 1449B (race 7), 2656A (race 8) and 2709A (race 9) have been described elsewhere (Taylor et al, 1996). Strains Hb-1b and M2/1 of P. syringae pv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on their virulence to a range of bean cultivars, nine races of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola have been distinguished (Taylor et al, 1996). Recently, the ability of this pathogen to produce disease in bean has been shown to be based on the possession of a pathogenicity island (PAI), localized to a 150 kb plasmid, that includes genes that are either essential for pathogenicity on bean and soybean or that contribute to aggressiveness in an additive fashion (Jackson et al, 1999;Tsiamis et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola can be separated into two genetic lineages distinguished by the possession of the phaseolotoxin biosynthetic cluster

Oguiza

Rivas

Sutra³

et al. 2004

Microbiology

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The bean (Phaseolus spp.) plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is characterized by the ability to produce phaseolotoxin (Tox + ). We recently reported that the majority of the Spanish P. syringae pv. phaseolicola population is unable to synthesize this toxin (Tox " ). These Tox " isolates appear to lack the entire DNA region for the biosynthesis of phaseolotoxin (argK-tox gene cluster), as shown by PCR amplification and DNA hybridization using DNA sequences specific for separated genes of this cluster. Tox + and Tox " isolates also showed genomic divergence that included differences in ERIC-PCR and arbitrarily primed-PCR profiles. Tox + isolates showed distinct patterns of IS801 genomic insertions and contained a chromosomal IS801 insertion that was absent from Tox " isolates. Using a heteroduplex mobility assay, sequence differences were observed only among the intergenic transcribed spacer of the five rDNA operons of the Tox " isolates. The techniques used allowed the unequivocal differentiation of isolates of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola from the closely related soybean (Glycine max) pathogen, P. syringae pv. glycinea. Finally, a pathogenicity island that is essential for the pathogenicity of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola on beans appears to be conserved among Tox + , but not among Tox " isolates, which also lacked the characteristic large plasmid that carries this pathogenicity island. It is proposed that the results presented here justify the separation of the Tox + and Tox " P. syringae pv. phaseolicola isolates into two distinct genetic lineages, designated Pph1 and Pph2, respectively, that show relevant genomic differences that include the pathogenicity gene complement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola can be separated into two genetic lineages distinguished by the possession of the phaseolotoxin biosynthetic cluster

Oguiza

Rivas

Sutra³

et al. 2004

Microbiology

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“…P. syringae pv. phaseolicola strain 1448A belongs to the race 6 pathotype, members of which are virulent on all P. vulgaris varieties examined (64). As a consequence, race 6 has been selected as the recipient strain of choice in the identification of effector genes from other races based on their avirulence phenotypes (66).…”

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confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Reveals Divergence among Pathovars in Genes Involved in Virulence and Transposition

Joardar¹,

et al. 2005

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, a gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen, is the causal agent of halo blight of bean. In this study, we report on the genome sequence of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola isolate 1448A, which encodes 5,353 open reading frames (ORFs) on one circular chromosome (5,928,787 bp) and two plasmids (131,950 bp and 51,711 bp). Comparative analyses with a phylogenetically divergent pathovar, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, revealed a strong degree of conservation at the gene and genome levels. In total, 4,133 ORFs were identified as putative orthologs in these two pathovars using a reciprocal best-hit method, with 3,941 ORFs present in conserved, syntenic blocks. Although these two pathovars are highly similar at the physiological level, they have distinct host ranges; 1448A causes disease in beans, and DC3000 is pathogenic on tomato and Arabidopsis. Examination of the complement of ORFs encoding virulence, fitness, and survival factors revealed a substantial, but not complete, overlap between these two pathovars. Another distinguishing feature between the two pathovars is their distinctive sets of transposable elements. With access to a fifth complete pseudomonad genome sequence, we were able to identify 3,567 ORFs that likely comprise the core Pseudomonas genome and 365 ORFs that are P. syringae specific.The gram-negative plant-pathogenic species Pseudomonas syringae is comprised of at least 50 pathovars that can be distinguished by their host ranges (30). Many P. syringae pathovars also contain several races characterized by their avirulence on different host cultivars. Genetic control of host specificity at the race-cultivar level, and possibly the pathovar-host species level, is conditioned by "gene-for-gene" interactions between avirulence genes in the pathogen and the corresponding resistance genes in the plant (35). In the last 2 decades, a number of pathogen avirulence genes, as well as the corresponding host resistance genes, have been cloned and identified (9, 13). Resistance gene products, regardless of whether they encode resistance to viral, bacterial, fungal, nematode, or insect pathogens, share similar structures and with few exceptions contain a leucine-rich repeat region (reviewed in reference 37), suggesting a conserved mechanism(s) for pathogen recognition and signal transduction events. In contrast, avirulence gene products share little sequence similarity, although it is well known that bacterial avirulence gene products, along with other virulence factors collectively termed effectors, are injected into the host cell via the specialized type III secretion system (TTSS) that is conserved among plant and animal pathogens (15). The P. syringae effectors are designated Avr (avirulence) or Hop (Hrp outer protein) according to a recently adopted nomenclature system (38). P. syringae effectors collectively are important to virulence, and increasing evidence suggests that these proteins are involved in suppression of host defense responses in compatible interactions with hos...

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“…Canadian Wonder, which is susceptible to all known races of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (Taylor et al, 1996), and cv. Perona as described previously (Harper et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Short communication. Detection by multiplex PCR and characterization of nontoxigenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola from different places in Spain

Erdozain

Ortiz‐Barredo

Galarreta

et al. 2006

Span. j. agric. res.

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The efficient control of halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, is primarily based on the use of pathogen-free seed. Detection of the pathogen in seeds is currently carried out with high-sensitive methods based on the detection by PCR of genes involved in the biosynthesis of phaseolotoxin, which was believed to be produced by all strains of the pathogen with epidemiological importance. However, field epidemics of halo blight in the county of Castilla y León, Spain, are often associated to nontoxigenic isolates of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, which cannot be detected using current molecular and serological methods. The results presented in this work show the existence of nontoxigenic isolates of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola in areas other than Castilla y León, indicating the need to establish a reliable methodology for seed certification. A simple two-step methodology is presented with the aim to identify both types of isolates that is based on a multiplex enrichment PCR of seed soakates and on pathogenicity assays.

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**Identification and origin of races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola from Africa and other bean growing areas**

Cited by 109 publications

References 9 publications

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola can be separated into two genetic lineages distinguished by the possession of the phaseolotoxin biosynthetic cluster

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola can be separated into two genetic lineages distinguished by the possession of the phaseolotoxin biosynthetic cluster

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A Reveals Divergence among Pathovars in Genes Involved in Virulence and Transposition

Short communication. Detection by multiplex PCR and characterization of nontoxigenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola from different places in Spain

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