Involvement of resistance induction by Penicillum oxalicum in the biocontrol of tomato wilt

Abstract

Penicillium oxalicum, a biocontrol agent for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, was tested for its ability to induce resistance against tomato wilt. P. oxalicum and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici were placed at separate sites on tomato plants or in soil, avoiding a direct interaction between the fungi. P. oxalicum induced resistance as expressed by a reduction in disease severity, area under disease progress curve and stunting induced by the pathogen. P. oxalicum colonized the tomato rhizosphere during the experiments but it was not detected inside stems, demonstrating that P. oxalicum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici remained spatially separated. Biological control was observed both in sensitive and ‘resistant’ cultivars, indicating the role of a general resistance mechanism. In both cultivars P. oxalicum treatment alone did not produce disease symptoms. Therefore P. oxalicum could be a suitable biocontrol agent in cases of cultivar resistance failure. These results suggest that P. oxalicum can trigger defence mechanisms in the plant.

A rapid laboratory method for assessing the biological control potential of Penicillium oxalicum against Fusarium wilt of tomato

“…Reduction in severity of Fusarium wilt of tomato by P. oxalicum under greenhouse conditions was reported earlier (De Cal et al, 1995, 1997. The growth chamber experiments developed in the present study allowed us to obtain similar results of reduction of severity (Fig.…”

“…Regression analyses of the relative disease reduction on the percentage of disease, with data from the growth chamber experiments and with data from experiments done in greenhouses (De Cal et al, 1997) are presented in Fig. 4.…”

“…Systems must be developed to permit easier and quicker study of this biocontrol agent. A relationship between the control obtained in pot experiments in the greenhouse (De Cal et al, 1995, 1997 and the control obtained in these systems should be established. Several in vivo assays have been used in studies on pathogenicity of different formae speciales of F. oxysporum (Davis, 1963;Farquhar & Peterson, 1989) and on assessment of host resistance (Beckman, 1968;Dyer & Ingram, 1990;Gretenkort & Helsper, 1993).…”

Isolation, Identification and in vitro Screening of Rhizospheric Fungi for Biological Control of Macrophomina phaseolina

“…Penicillium oxalicum slightly inhibits M. phaseolina supported by De Cal et al (1997) identified disease reduction was observed when P. oxalicum was applied before or after inoculation with the pathogen. Penicillium chrysogenum constrains the growth of M. phaseolina (Dong et al, 2006) reported that dry mycelium of P. chrysogenum contributed to induced resistance against Verticillium dahliae in cotton.…”

Survey of Egg- and Cyst-parasitic Fungi of Potato Cyst Nematode in Indonesia

“…oxalicum has been reported to be a pathogenic fungus of the sugarcane aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera as well as a biocontrol agent of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (De Cal et al, 1997;Santamarina et al, 2002). Its pathogenic mechanisms toward plant pathogens are derived from chitinolytic activities that degrade fungal cell wall (Rodriguez, 1993), which is also targeting PCN because one of the main chemicals composing PCN egg shell (9%) is chitin (Clarke et al, 1967).…”