Size and Structure Effects of Carbon-Supported Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Waste Polypropylene Hydrogenolysis Activity, Selectivity, and Product Microstructure

Abstract

Hydrogenolysis of plastic waste using Ru-based catalysts is promising for deconstructing polyolefins into lower molecular weight products. Yet, the effect of catalyst atomic structure and size on activity and product selectivity is poorly understood. Herein, we expose the effect of metal particle size and atomic structure on isotactic-polypropylene (i-PP) hydrogenolysis over Ru supported on carbon. Despite similar molecular weight distributions of solid and liquid products, their physical properties are distinct due to different chain regio-irregular CH3 sequences of steric pentads containing racemo configurations. We propose that i-PP hydrogenolysis entails an interplay of C–C bond scission and stereoisomerization. The active site’s local electronic environment and structure dictate the former, whereas polymer–catalyst surface interactions creating suitable polymer conformations control the latter. C–C scission and stereoisomerization are structure-sensitive. Small, disordered nanoclusters are effective in C–C bond scission, whereas larger metal nanoparticles promote stereoisomerization. We hypothesize that a heterogeneous distribution of metal active sites is essential for deconstruction and product (lubricant base oil) quality control.

Chemical Upcycling of Polyolefin Plastics Using Structurally Well-defined Catalysts

“…Other than the impact on the activity, the disordered Ru species strengthens *H binding and increases surface *H coverage, leading to a lower ability to accommodate extra H from PE and thus favoring less-dehydrogenated transition states, such as internal C–C bond cleavage and branching C–C bond cleavage (Figure a). The size of metal NPs also affects the tacticity of liquid and solid products in the hydrogenolysis of isotactic polypropylene ( i PP) catalyzed by Ru/C . When the particle size decreases, the ratio of terrace sites decreases, which leads to a lower stereoisomerization rate (Figure b).…”

“…The size of metal NPs also affects the tacticity of liquid and solid products in the hydrogenolysis of isotactic polypropylene ( i PP) catalyzed by Ru/C. 49 When the particle size decreases, the ratio of terrace sites decreases, which leads to a lower stereoisomerization rate ( Figure 6 b).…”

“…(b) Depiction of particle size effect on Ru/C i PP Hydrogenolysis Mechanism. Reproduced with permission from ref ( 49 ). Copyright 2024 American Chemical Society.…”