B-Specification of Relay-Based Railway Interlocking Systems Based on the Propositional Logic of the System State Evolution

Pereira, Dalay Israel de Almeida; Déharbe, David; Perin, Matthieu; Bon, Philippe

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18744-6_16

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The formal model of an interlocking system is designed by applying various formal specification languages. Several authors successfully used Z [7][8][9][10], B [11][12][13][14], Event-B [15,16], VDM [8,9,17], CSP [11,18], CPN [19][20][21] and ASM [22] for the design of formal model of an interlocking system.…”

Section: Formal Methods For Railway Interlockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey on Formal Specification and Verification of Smart Mass Transit Railway Interlocking System

Kadakolmath¹,

Ramu²

2021

IJSSE

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Nowadays interest in Smart Mass Transit Rail has grown-up to a large extent in a metropolitan area as the need for urban mobility has increased steadily. The reliability of software being used in such mass transit rail is crucial for us, specifically when software crashes may lead to catastrophic loss of human life and assets. For example, when we travel by metro it is essential for us that the interlocking system software controlling the metros are accurate so collisions and derailment are prevented. The reliability and safety of such interlocking systems are made on the precise functional requirements specification and verification respectively. Therefore, the precise functional requirements specification and verification of such interlocking systems represent a challenge in an active research area, so in this paper, we survey various articles in this field and discuss their consequences.

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Section: Formal Methods For Railway Interlockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper by de Almeida Pereira et al [13] described the usage of the B formal method by specifying the properties of a relay-based interlocking system. With the help of propositional logic rules, they described how system states are progressing.…”

Section: Literature Review Of Book Chaptersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Formal Specification and Verification of Smart Mass Transit Railway Interlocking System

Kadakolmath¹,

Ramu²

2021

IJSSE

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“…As a way to allow the formal specification of relay-based RIS, the use of B-method as a formal language has been proposed in a previous work [10]. B-method is considered as one of the strongest approaches for the specification of railway systems [11] and its success has been proved by its use in many industrial projects ( [5], [6], [7] ).…”

Section: Formal Specification Of Relay-based Rismentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards safe and secure computer based railway interlocking systems

Martinez¹,

Pereira²,

Bon³

et al. 2020

Int. J. TDI

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Railway interlocking systems (RIS) are responsible for the control of trains' movements by allowing or denying their routing according to safety rules. Originally built as mechanical systems then as electrical mechanical systems, they are modelled as relay-based electrical circuit diagrams and checked manually. Even recent computer based RIS are still modelled as relay diagrams. Manual checking of safety in such a critical context is an issue that needs to be addressed by the railway domain. In this context, one of the objectives of the LChIP project is the development of computer-based RIS based on the formal specification of the RIS behaviour, which allows the generation of formally checked computer binaries by refinement. however, the produced binaries may be accessed and tampered with by ill-intended persons as computer code is easier to analyse and understand than electrical mechanical systems. In the context of the LChIP project, binaries are run on a Microchip PIC32 MCU embedding two independent 32-bit MIPS processors. The choice of such generic architecture allows easier production and maintainability, lower production costs and easier replacement in case of hardware failure. It also makes it easier to reverse engineer compiled software as the MIPS architecture is well documented and has a small instruction set. This paper presents how binaries can be obtained using the B-method formal language and it discusses the usage of software obfuscation as a way to ensure security of these binaries. Obfuscation transforms a piece of software to make it impossible to understand for potential attackers, while keeping its observable behaviour: obfuscated software give the same outputs for the same inputs as their unobfuscated counterparts. As the obfuscation transformations do not alter the behaviour of formally checked generated binaries in a way that would void the safety checking, it is possible to secure computer based RIS and prevent ill-intended persons from tampering with them.

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“…There are examples of using many other model checking tools such as Simulink and UPPAAL ( [5]), SPIN and nuSMV ( [12]), proB ( [3]), mCRL2 ( [7]), and FDR ( [16]) for the verification of railway control systems. For a comparative study, see [15].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They describe that trains do not collide and trains do not derail, respectively. The specification of the former is as follows: where hdPos[t] and tlPos [ t ] is the head, respectively tail, position of a train t 3 and no collide is a function defined as follows:…”

Section: Safety Invariantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Checking a Distributed Interlocking System Using k-induction with RT-Tester

Geisler

Haxthausen

2020

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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B-Specification of Relay-Based Railway Interlocking Systems Based on the Propositional Logic of the System State Evolution

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

A Survey on Formal Specification and Verification of Smart Mass Transit Railway Interlocking System

A Survey on Formal Specification and Verification of Smart Mass Transit Railway Interlocking System

Towards safe and secure computer based railway interlocking systems

Model Checking a Distributed Interlocking System Using k-induction with RT-Tester

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