The blue light receptor cryptochrome 1 can act independently of phytochrome A and B inArabidopsis thaliana

Poppe, Christoph; Sweere, Uta; Drumm‐Herrel, H.; Schäfer, Eberhard

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00322.x

Cited by 80 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…43 Thus, phyA can contribute to the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation under R. It also was reported that phyA has a significant role in the induction of anthocyanin accumulation under B. [24][25][26]28 Whereas a phyD mutant in the Wassilewskija (Ws) ecotype has been reported to exhibit reduced levels of anthocyanins under white light, no reduction in anthocyanin levels was observed for a phyD mutant in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) background under these conditions. 31 No reports on the impact of phyC or phyE on anthocyanin accumulation have emerged.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…22 Additionally, phyA has been shown to have a role in regulating photoresponses under B illumination. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The remaining phytochromes, phyB through phyE, contribute to changes in growth and development, primarily in response to R wavelengths. 19,[31][32][33][34][35][36] Notably, spatially localized…”

Section: Tissue-and Isoform-specific Phytochrome Regulation Of Light-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue- and isoform-specific phytochrome regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Warnasooriya

Porter

Montgomery

2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Tissue-and Isoform-specific Phytochrome Regulation Of Light-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue- and isoform-specific phytochrome regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Warnasooriya

Porter

Montgomery

2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…Therefore, under natural light conditions, phyA would mediate an FR-dependent promotion of flowering in two different ways: a suppression of phyB function and a promotion of flowering independent of phyB. Unlike other phytochromes, phyA has been known to mediate blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation (33)(34)(35)(36). To test whether phyA may regulate flowering time in response to blue light, we compared the flowering times of the phyA mutant and the cryptochrome mutants grown in continuous blue light (Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of photoperiodic flowering byArabidopsisphotoreceptors

Mockler

Yang

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

276

213

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Photoperiodism is a day-length-dependent seasonal change of physiological or developmental activities that is widely found in plants and animals. Photoperiodic flowering in plants is regulated by photosensory receptors including the red͞far-red light-receptor phytochromes and the blue͞UV-A light-receptor cryptochromes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specific roles of individual photoreceptors have remained poorly understood. Here, we report a study of the day-length-dependent response of cryptochrome 2 (cry2) and phytochrome A (phyA) and their role as day-length sensors in Arabidopsis. The protein abundance of cry2 and phyA showed a diurnal rhythm in plants grown in short-day but not in plants grown in long-day. The short-day-specific diurnal rhythm of cry2 is determined primarily by blue light-dependent cry2 turnover. Consistent with a proposition that cry2 and phyA are the major day-length sensors in Arabidopsis, we show that phyA mediates far-red light promotion of flowering with modes of action similar to that of cry2. Based on these results and a finding that the photoperiodic responsiveness of plants depends on light quality, a model is proposed to explain how individual phytochromes and cryptochromes work together to confer photoperiodic responsiveness in Arabidopsis.P hotoperiodic flowering in plants was the first photoperiodism phenomenon documented (1). The flowering of longday (LD) or short-day (SD) plants occurs or is accelerated in the LD or SD condition, respectively. Arabidopsis is a facultative LD plant for which flowering-time regulation has been extensively studied (2-5). Although the detailed mechanism underlying photoperiodism is not well understood, extensive plant physiological studies support a hypothesis referred to as the external coincidence model (6-8). According to this hypothesis, the light signal must interact at the appropriate time of the day (or ''coincide'') with the photoperiodic response rhythm (PRR) of a cellular activity to confer photoperiodic responsiveness. It has been found that mRNA expression of flowering-time genes in Arabidopsis, including CO, GI, and FT, exhibited circadian rhythms, which have different phase shapes in plants grown in LD compared with plants grown in SD (9-12). Therefore, the day-length-dependent circadian expression of one or more flowering-time genes may represent the PRR.Arabidopsis relies on at least nine photosensory receptors, including five phytochromes (phyA-phyE), two cryptochromes (cry1 and cry2), and two phototropins (phot1 and phot2), to regulate most of its light responses (13-16). Among these photoreceptors, phytochromes and cryptochromes are known to regulate flowering time (5). It has also been found that phyA and cry2 protein abundance is regulated by light (17, 18) and that cry2 expression changes in response to photoperiod (19). These studies indicate that cry2 and phyA may act as major day-length sensors. Indeed, it has been found that the coincidence of light perception by cry2 and phyA with the peak circadian ...

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“…Under suboptimal light input conditions, cryptochrome action requires phyB activity (10), and under those conditions, phyB Pfr has recently been shown to act downstream of cryptochrome as predicted by Mohr's model (11). Under prolonged exposures to blue light, cryptochromes operate independently of phyA and phyB (12), but they could depend on other members of the phytochrome family (8,12). Because phytochromes also absorb blue light, a definitive test for this classic proposition is impossible without the quintuple phytochrome mutant (8,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Under prolonged exposures to blue light, cryptochromes operate independently of phyA and phyB (12), but they could depend on other members of the phytochrome family (8,12). Because phytochromes also absorb blue light, a definitive test for this classic proposition is impossible without the quintuple phytochrome mutant (8,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis thaliana life without phytochromes

Strasser

Sánchez‐Lamas

Yanovsky

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

172

150

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Plants use light as a source of energy for photosynthesis and as a source of environmental information perceived by photoreceptors. Testing whether plants can complete their cycle if light provides energy but no information about the environment requires a plant devoid of phytochromes because all photosynthetically active wavelengths activate phytochromes. Producing such a quintuple mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana has been challenging, but we were able to obtain it in the flowering locus T ( ft ) mutant background. The quintuple phytochrome mutant does not germinate in the FT background, but it germinates to some extent in the ft background. If germination problems are bypassed by the addition of gibberellins, the seedlings of the quintuple phytochrome mutant exposed to red light produce chlorophyll, indicating that phytochromes are not the sole red-light photoreceptors, but they become developmentally arrested shortly after the cotyledon stage. Blue light bypasses this blockage, rejecting the long-standing idea that the blue-light receptors cryptochromes cannot operate without phytochromes. After growth under white light, returning the quintuple phytochrome mutant to red light resulted in rapid senescence of already expanded leaves and severely impaired expansion of new leaves. We conclude that Arabidopsis development is stalled at several points in the presence of light suitable for photosynthesis but providing no photomorphogenic signal.

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The blue light receptor cryptochrome 1 can act independently of phytochrome A and B inArabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 80 publications

References 28 publications

Tissue- and isoform-specific phytochrome regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tissue- and isoform-specific phytochrome regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Regulation of photoperiodic flowering byArabidopsisphotoreceptors

Arabidopsis thaliana life without phytochromes

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