2001
DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03554.x
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The Selfish Brain And The Barker Hypothesis

Abstract: 1. Brain sparing is a feature of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). This implies that there is a redistribution of metabolic supply so that body growth slows to a greater extent than brain growth. 2. Intra-uterine growth retardation, as evidenced by a low birthweight for gestational age is a predisposing factor for hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in adult life. 3. In species like humans, nephrogenesis is complete before birth. In the rat, it is completed shortly after birth. In… Show more

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Cited by 66 publications
(41 citation statements)
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“…In young patients with type 1 diabetes, SNS activity causes early, preclinical BP changes that are in turn associated with increased glomerular basement membrane thickness and mesangial matrix expansion (38). Autonomic dysfunction also correlates with higher-range normoalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes, suggesting a possible role for SNS activation in the transition from normo-to microalbuminuria (39) and activation of intrarenal RAAS, intraglomerular hypertension, and hyperfiltration in animals and in humans with type 1 diabetes (40)(41)(42). Therapeutic interventions using pharmacologic SNS blockade in type 1 diabetes resulted in lower BP and improved HRV (43).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In young patients with type 1 diabetes, SNS activity causes early, preclinical BP changes that are in turn associated with increased glomerular basement membrane thickness and mesangial matrix expansion (38). Autonomic dysfunction also correlates with higher-range normoalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes, suggesting a possible role for SNS activation in the transition from normo-to microalbuminuria (39) and activation of intrarenal RAAS, intraglomerular hypertension, and hyperfiltration in animals and in humans with type 1 diabetes (40)(41)(42). Therapeutic interventions using pharmacologic SNS blockade in type 1 diabetes resulted in lower BP and improved HRV (43).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the stressed intrauterine environment, development and growth of the brain and the heart are preserved at the expense of the kidney and other organs and general somatic growth (45). In both animals and humans, nephron number is strongly correlated with fetal weight and is disproportionately reduced by factors that restrict intrauterine growth (44 -54).…”
Section: Early Life Influencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, early studies report that a reduced supply of nutrients during early life, prenatal and postnatal, interferes with the rate of cell multiplication in various organs (3) and that the effect is proportionally more deleterious in tissues with a faster rate of cell multiplication (4). Under these circumstances, growth of the brain is generally "spared" by preferential diversion of blood flow to the brain, whereas growth of other organs is usually proportional to body weight (5). For example, a reduced kidney weight in IUGR rats was shown to be associated with decreased nephron endowment (6,7).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%