Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker: contribuição ao estudo farmacognóstico

Abstract

RESUMO:Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker pertence à família Asteraceae e é usada na medicina tradicional como estomáquico e hepatoprotetor. Um estudo fitoquímico mostrou a presença de flavonoides e triterpenos, sendo que os extratos clorofórmico e metanólico de folhas apresentaram-se ativos no bioensaio de toxicidade sobre Artemia salina Leach. Além disso, extratos clorofórmicos evidenciaram a presença de peróxidos, sugerindo sua aplicação no tratamento da malária (Schenkel at al., 2002;Montanher et al., 2002;Moreira et al., 2003). Considerando a importância farmacológica de B. rufescens var. tenuifolia, o presente trabalho objetivou o estudo morfoanatômico e histoquímico do caule e da folha dessa espécie, a fim de fornecer subsídios farmacognósticos para o controle de qualidade. O material botânico foi submetido às técnicas usuais empregadas na microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Folha anfiestomática, presença de estômatos anomocíticos, tricomas glandulares capitados bisseriados, tricomas tectores flageliformes simples unisseriados, dutos secretores associados ao floema, calota de fibras perivasculares e cristais de oxalato de cálcio do tipo estiloide e prismático na região medular do caule foram as principais características observadas que auxiliam na identificação do táxon.Palavras-chave: Asteraceae, Baccharis, Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker, farmacognosia ABSTRACT: Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker: contribution to the pharmacognostic study. Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is used for liver and stomach problems in traditional medicine. Previous phytochemical data reported flavonoid and triterpene contents. Chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves showed activity in the bioassay of brine shrimp. Chloroform extracts showed the presence of peroxides that can be used to treat malaria (Schenkel et al., 2002;Montanher et al., 2002;Moreira et al., 2003). Considering the pharmacological importance of B. rufescens var. tenuifolia, the purpose of this paper was to perform the anatomical analysis of aerial vegetative parts of Baccharis rufescens var. tenuifolia in order to provide pharmacognostic data for quality control. The plant material was studied by the usual methods of light and scanning electron microscopy. Amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic stomata, biseriate capitate glandular trichomes, uniseriate simple flagelliform non-glandular trichomes, secretory ducts associated to the phloem, perivascular fiber cap, calcium oxalate as prismatic and styloid crystals in the pith of the stem were reported as the mainly anatomical data for B. rufescens var. tenuifolia.Ouvir Ler foneticamente

Anatomical Characters of Leave and Stem of Calea serrata Less., Asteraceae

“…This type was common in Asteraceae family (Krak1 and Mráz 2008; Tavares et al 2012). Asteraceae typically exhibits a mesophyll differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma (Oliveira et al 2011;Souza et al 2011;Duarte et al 2011;Souza et al 2013). Calea serrata have shown an isobilateral arrangement for chlorenchyma.…”

Calcium oxalate crystal macropattern and its usefulness in the taxonomy of Baccharis (Asteraceae)

“…In the present study, crystals were found in the leaves and stems. Crystals have been reported in the perimedullary region of stems in several Baccharis species (Budel & Duarte, 2008;Souza et al, 2011;Oliveira et al, 2011;Jasinski et al, 2014;Barreto et al, 2015;Bobek et al, 2015;Almeida et al, 2021). "…”

“…In Asteraceae, particularly in Baccharis L., the crystals are generically described as incidental observations and in situ analyzes of the chemical composition of crystals are scarce or absent (Budel et al, 2003;Budel et al, 2004;Souza et al, 2011;Santos et al, 2012). The genus comprises 442 species (Heiden & Bonifacino, 2021), is monophyletic (Heiden et al, 2019), and presents similarities in the morphological features among several groups of closely related species causing challenges in taxonomic studies of the group (Bobek et al, 2016;Budel et al, 2018;Almeida et al, 2021).…”

Calcium oxalate crystal macropattern and its usefulness in the taxonomy of Baccharis (Asteraceae)

“…In Asteraceae, particularly in Baccharis L., the crystals are generically described as incidental observations and in situ; analyses of the chemical composition of crystals are scarce or absent (Budel et al, 2003;Budel et al, 2004;Santos et al, 2012;Souza et al, 2011).…”