Bacillus anthracis

Spencer, R C

doi:10.1136/jcp.56.3.182

Cited by 246 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180: 4139 -4147. P atients with late-stage systemic anthrax infection during the bioterrorism attacks of 2001 had high mortality rates (45%), even when treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy (1,2). These high mortality rates are thought to have been due to the persistence of anthrax toxin components, including those that compose anthrax lethal toxin (LT) 3 (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Anthrax Lethal Toxin Increases Superoxide Production In Murimentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Increases Superoxide Production in Murine Neutrophils via Differential Effects on MAPK Signaling Pathways

Fang

Frucht

2008

The Journal of Immunology

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The combination of lethal factor and its receptor-binding partner, protective Ag, is termed lethal toxin (LT) and has critical pathogenic activity during infection with Bacillus anthracis. We herein report that anthrax LT binds and enters murine neutrophils, leading to the cleavage of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/MEK/MAPKK 1–4 and 6, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 and 7. Anthrax LT treatment of neutrophils disrupts signaling to downstream MAPK targets in response to TLR stimulation. Following anthrax LT treatment, ERK family and p38 phosphorylation are nearly completely blocked, but signaling to JNK family members persists in vitro and ex vivo. In contrast to previous reports involving human neutrophils, anthrax LT treatment of murine neutrophils increases their production of superoxide in response to PMA or TLR stimulation in vitro or ex vivo. Although this enhanced superoxide production correlates with effects due to the LT-induced blockade of ERK signaling, it requires JNK signaling that remains largely intact despite the activity of anthrax LT. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism through which anthrax LT supports a critical proinflammatory response of murine neutrophils.

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Section: Anthrax Lethal Toxin Increases Superoxide Production In Murimentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Increases Superoxide Production in Murine Neutrophils via Differential Effects on MAPK Signaling Pathways

Fang

Frucht

2008

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a Grampositive, spore-forming rod (1). It belongs to the Bacillus cereus group and is the same genus as the nonpathogenic Bacillus subtilis, which has been used extensively as a model organism (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus anthracis Thioredoxin Systems, Characterization and Role as Electron Donors for Ribonucleotide Reductase

Gustafsson

Sahlin

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Bacillus anthracis encodes several potential thioredoxin systems. Results: Thioredoxin 1 was the most efficient disulfide reductase and was present at 60 times higher levels in B. anthracis compared with NrdH. Conclusion: The major disulfide reductase and electron donor for ribonucleotide reductase was thioredoxin 1 rather than NrdH. Significance: Understanding the thioredoxin systems in B. anthracis could form the basis for novel antimicrobial therapies.

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“…That is, the ne-structure exhibits [119] 12 . The bacteria of this genus have become model organisms for microbial life, industrial applications such as biological insecticides and biological warfare [119,132,194,281]. They are Gram-positive, rod-shaped, grow under aerobic conditions and are well-known for their ability to transform into the methabolically dormant state of an endospore [79,119,180,193,213,214].…”

Section: Deinococcus Radioduransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging on the single-cell-level of microbial samples

Wilke

2015

Göttingen Series in X-Ray Physics

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Bacillus anthracis

Cited by 246 publications

References 53 publications

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Increases Superoxide Production in Murine Neutrophils via Differential Effects on MAPK Signaling Pathways

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Increases Superoxide Production in Murine Neutrophils via Differential Effects on MAPK Signaling Pathways

Bacillus anthracis Thioredoxin Systems, Characterization and Role as Electron Donors for Ribonucleotide Reductase

Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging on the single-cell-level of microbial samples

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