Bacillus subtilis cardiolipin protects its own membrane against surfactin-induced permeabilization

Pinkas, Dominik; Fišer, Radovan; Kozlík, Petr; Dolejšová, Tereza; Hryzáková, Klára; Konopásek, Ivo; Mikušová, Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183405

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It has been previously suggested that cardiolipin confers a protective effect upon bacterial membranes [18,45]. In fact, our equilibrium MD simulations pointed toward a structural protective reorganization of POPG/CL membranes as CL was increased.…”

Section: Disfavors the Formation Of A Transmembrane Poresupporting

confidence: 61%

“…We attribute this barrier increase to the unfavorable positioning of CL near the formed pore. Thus, our data quantitatively explain the protective effect CL may confer to bacterial POPG bilayers, preventing their perforation induced, for instance, by antimicrobial components [16,18].…”

Section: Disfavors the Formation Of A Transmembrane Porementioning

confidence: 52%

“…The increase in the content of CL in bacterial membranes has been reported as a drug resistance mechanism adopted by multiple bacteria, including S. aureus [15,18,45]. In this work, using a simplified representation of a bacterial membrane, considering its main lipid constituents (POPG and CL), we studied the impact of CL on the resilience and biophysical properties of the membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study by Jhih-Hang et al showed that S. aureus mutant strains with a marked increase in the CL concentration and decrease in the PG concentration became more resistant to daptomycin [15]. Moreover, liposomal assays showed that the ability of antimicrobial peptides such as daptomycin, LL-37 and surfactin to induce dye release is decreased by increasing the CL concentration in the liposome [16][17][18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiolipin prevents pore formation in phosphatidylglycerol bacterial membrane models

et al. 2021

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Several antimicrobial peptides, including magainin and the human cathelicidin LL‐37, act by forming pores in bacterial membranes. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus modify their membrane's cardiolipin composition to resist such types of perturbations that compromise their membrane stability. Here, we used molecular dynamic simulations to quantify the role of cardiolipin on the formation of pores in simple bacterial‐like membrane models composed of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin mixtures. Cardiolipin modified the structure and ordering of the lipid bilayer, making it less susceptible to mechanical changes. Accordingly, the free‐energy barrier for the formation of a transmembrane pore and its kinetic instability augmented by increasing the cardiolipin concentration. This is attributed to the unfavorable positioning of cardiolipin near the formed pore, due to its small polar head and bulky hydrophobic body. Overall, our study demonstrates how cardiolipin prevents membrane‐pore formation and this constitutes a plausible mechanism used by bacteria to act against stress perturbations and, thereby, gain resistance to antimicrobial agents.

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Section: Disfavors the Formation Of A Transmembrane Poresupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Disfavors the Formation Of A Transmembrane Porementioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiolipin prevents pore formation in phosphatidylglycerol bacterial membrane models

et al. 2021

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“…The distribution of pore conductances is very broad, ranging from a few pS up to nS in 1 M KCl. In this respect, the pore-forming activity is comparable to other small pore-forming antimicrobials such as daptomycin, which forms pores in model membranes (according to recent papers 24 – 26 ), or surfactin 27 . In some pores the unpredictable dynamics may point to the fact that certain LPPO complexes do not adopt exact pore stoichiometry or it can change rapidly in time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Outer membrane and phospholipid composition of the target membrane affect the antimicrobial potential of first- and second-generation lipophosphonoxins

Látrová

Havlová

Večeřová

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Lipophosphonoxins (LPPOs) are small modular synthetic antibacterial compounds that target the cytoplasmic membrane. First-generation LPPOs (LPPO I) exhibit an antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria; however they do not exhibit any activity against Gram-negatives. Second-generation LPPOs (LPPO II) also exhibit broadened activity against Gram-negatives. We investigated the reasons behind this different susceptibility of bacteria to the two generations of LPPOs using model membranes and the living model bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. We show that both generations of LPPOs form oligomeric conductive pores and permeabilize the bacterial membrane of sensitive cells. LPPO activity is not affected by the value of the target membrane potential, and thus they are also active against persister cells. The insensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria to LPPO I is probably caused by the barrier function of the outer membrane with LPS. LPPO I is almost incapable of overcoming the outer membrane in living cells, and the presence of LPS in liposomes substantially reduces their activity. Further, the antimicrobial activity of LPPO is also influenced by the phospholipid composition of the target membrane. A higher proportion of phospholipids with neutral charge such as phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine reduces the LPPO permeabilizing potential.

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A mini-review: mechanism of antimicrobial action and application of surfactin

Chen

Shan

et al. 2022

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Bacillus subtilis cardiolipin protects its own membrane against surfactin-induced permeabilization

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Cardiolipin prevents pore formation in phosphatidylglycerol bacterial membrane models

Cardiolipin prevents pore formation in phosphatidylglycerol bacterial membrane models

Outer membrane and phospholipid composition of the target membrane affect the antimicrobial potential of first- and second-generation lipophosphonoxins

A mini-review: mechanism of antimicrobial action and application of surfactin

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