“…They may also need complex calibration procedures (Guan et al, 2009) that, in addition, are based on convergence data that is only available after tunnel construction (Zhifa et al, 2001;Boidy et al, 2002). This aspect, in conjunction with the complexity of the models involved, greatly reduces the a-priori capabilities for squeezing prediction of such methods and, in addition, it makes their application difficult prior to tunnel construction and reducing their usefulness during the planning stage.…”