Back to the Basics: Developing Advanced Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Fundamental Chemistry Concepts

Abstract

Over the past 25 years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have developed into an increasingly intricate class of crystalline porous materials in which the choice of building blocks offers significant control over the physical properties of the resulting material. Despite this complexity, fundamental coordination chemistry design principles provided a strategic basis to design highly stable MOF structures. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of these design strategies and discuss how researchers leverage fundamental chemistry concepts to tune reaction parameters and synthesize highly crystalline MOFs. We then discuss these design principles in the context of several literature examples, highlighting both relevant fundamental chemistry principles and additional design principles required to access stable MOF structures. Finally, we envision how these fundamental concepts may offer access to even more advanced structures with tailored properties as the MOF field looks toward the future.

ChatGPT Research Group for Optimizing the Crystallinity of MOFs and COFs

“…In MOF synthesis, subtle alterations in linker structure often necessitate drastically different optimal synthesis conditions. − Overcoming human biases in experimental condition selection is a significant challenge in new crystalline materials discovery, and our AI-guided approach provides an opportunity to tackle this hurdle . Encouraged by the success of MOF-321 optimization, we extended our approach to a completely new MOF, using the organic linker H 2 TVDC instead of H 2 PZVDC and a different PXRD instrument.…”

An Exploration on Copper‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Propitious Heterogeneous Catalyst for Coupling Reactions

“…without the use of any additional carbon sources, according to S. Cheng et al The high structural porosity and surface area of MOF-5-C (XIX), as well as the synergy between the metal nanomaterials and support, contributed to the catalyst's (XIX) splendid catalytic activity. Alkynes (5), aldehydes (69) and amines (70) were employed to catalyse the A 3 coupling processes using the synthesized catalyst (Cu@MOF-5-C). This is probably the first MOF-derived porous carbon as a catalytic support for the multicomponent synthesis of propargylamines (71).…”

“…In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained a lot of attention for their potential applications such as heterogeneous catalysis, molecular recognition, ion exchange, gas storage, drug delivery and separation. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Despite the reality that the application of MOFs in catalysis is a comparatively new field of study, they have been used as solid catalysts or catalytic supports for a wide range of organic transformations, from carbon-carbon to carbon-heteroatom creating protocols. [7] Utilization of MOFs as catalyst enhance its catalytic potential and have some electrical characteristics.…”

Highly Robust Metal–Organic Framework for Efficiently Catalyzing Knoevenagel Condensation and the Strecker Reaction under Solvent-Free Conditions

“…Among the solid catalysts, the employment of heterogeneous catalysts is more advantageous than the homogeneous catalysts due to having several superiorities such as (i) easier catalyst recovery by filtration from reaction mixtures , (ii) reusable for consecutive runs , and (iii) their excellent adaptability to continuous flow processes . , However, to obtain the maximum efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts, a high surface area is required for more favorable interactions between the active sites of employed insoluble solids and the substrates and reagents. In this regard, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are the superior candidate over other solid catalysts, as they possess distinct superior qualities such as a high surface area with well-defined porosity − and innumerable structural diversity with suitable framework tunability. − MOFs exhibit superior catalytic activity due to the presence of several active sites such as (i) open metal sites (OMSs) , (ii) structural defect formations , (iii) bared functional groups’ presence of the employed organic linkers, and so on . Moreover, the synthesis flexibility and various binding modes of the metal centers (which often generate OMSs by mild activation) made MOFs promising candidates for heterogeneous catalysis.…”