Background exposure of urban populations to lead and cadmium: comparison between China and Japan

Zhang, Zuo-Wen; Moon, Chan‐Seok; Watanabe, Tetsu; Shimbo, Shinichro; He, Feng-Sheng; Wu, Yea-Quay; Zhou, Shun-Fu; Su, Diqing; Qu, Jiang-Bin; Ikeda, Masayuki

doi:10.1007/s004200050147

Cited by 70 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this meta-analysis, we found a positive association between dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk only among studies from Western countries. When compared internationally, the dietary cadmium intake of the general population was higher in Japan (26 µg/day) [20] than for the general populations in other countries (10-19 µg/day) [10,21]. These results suggest that the range of exposure affects the discrepancy of results [14,20]; when two Japanese studies were excluded, significant study heterogeneity disappeared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Cadmium Intake and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundDiet is a major source of cadmium intake among the non-smoking general population. Recent studies have determined that cadmium exposure may produce adverse health effects at lower exposure levels than previously predicted. We conducted a meta-analysis to combine and analyze the results of previous studies that have investigated the association of dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE database for case-control and cohort studies that assessed the association of dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk. We performed a meta-analysis using eight eligible studies to summarize the data and summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model.ResultsOverall, dietary cadmium intake showed no statistically significant association with cancer risk (RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99–1.22, for highest vs. lowest dietary cadmium group). However, there was strong evidence of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were conducted using the study design, geographical location, and cancer type. In subgroup analyses, the positive associations between dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk were observed among studies with Western populations (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.23) and studies investigating some hormone-related cancers (prostate, breast, and endometrial cancers).ConclusionOur analysis found a positive association between dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk among studies conducted in Western countries, particularly with hormone-related cancers. Additional experimental and epidemiological studies are required to verify our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Cadmium Intake and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2013

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“…Food accounts for a major part of the cadmium exposure are known. Rice is the staple diet of Koreans, Japanese and other Asian countries (4, 14), and in Japan, cadmium concentrations in rice is showed a higher tendency than in other countries (15). Additional study through the measurement for cadmium content of the food intake of each resident, the analysis and the observations are thought to be complementary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cadmium used to be used in nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments, manufacturing, electroplating, and plastic stabilizers, and thus, had access to all aspects of the environment (3). Food grown in contaminated soil or water lead to cadmium accumulation (4) and is a major source of human exposure. Heavy metal contamination of soil, water and agricultural products and their impacts on residents is an ongoing social issue in Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Cadmium Concentration of Residents Living near Abandoned Metal Mines in Korea

et al. 2014

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The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic and lifestyle variables and blood cadmium concentrations in residents living near abandoned metal mines in Korea. Blood cadmium concentrations were measured in 15,161 subjects living around abandoned metal mines (exposed group, n = 14,464) and compared with those living in designated control areas (control group, n = 697). A questionnaire was provided to all subjects to determine age, gender, mine working history, times of residence, smoking habits and dietary water type. The geometric mean (95% confidence intervals) of blood cadmium concentration (1.25 [1.24-1.27] µg/L) in the exposed group was significantly higher than in the control group (1.17 [1.13-1.22] µg/L). Mean residence time and mine working history in the exposed group were significantly higher than in the control group. Blood cadmium concentrations increased with increasing age, and residence time in both groups, and blood cadmium concentrations were higher in current-smokers than in non-smokers in both groups. This study shows the geometric mean of blood cadmium concentration in abandoned mining areas are higher than in non-mining areas in the general adult Korean population.Graphical Abstract

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Lead levels in deciduous teeth in relation to tooth type and tissue as well as to maternal behavior and selected individual environmental parameters of children

et al. 1999

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In contrast to the blood lead level, which is an effective indicator of current exposure, the concentration of lead in the teeth is a measure of internal exposure in the past and low‐level chronic exposure. Our measurements show that lead concentrations depend in a complex manner on both the part and the type of tooth. We highlight a variety of risk factors of long‐term lead exposure: involuntary smoking (including by expecting mothers), the type and duration of the way to school (the effect of traffic), how children play, the individual environment (housing conditions), and other factors. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 14: 439–454, 1999

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Background exposure of urban populations to lead and cadmium: comparison between China and Japan

Abstract: The background Pb exposure in the Chinese population was higher than that in the Japanese population, whereas Cd exposure was lower in Chinese women than in their Japanese counterparts.

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Dietary Cadmium Intake and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Dietary Cadmium Intake and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Blood Cadmium Concentration of Residents Living near Abandoned Metal Mines in Korea

Lead levels in deciduous teeth in relation to tooth type and tissue as well as to maternal behavior and selected individual environmental parameters of children

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