“…Since the widespread of the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face learning has been shifted to a virtual learning environment through e-learning, video conferencing, Youtube, Instagram, social media, Google Classroom, Google Site, and many others. The virtual learning environment has increased sharply to keep learning activities organized (Akhvlediani et al, 2020;Gordon & Conaway, 2020;Sohibun & Ade, 2017;Wong, 2020). Educational digital technology changes students' habits in acquiring knowledge and raising questions about which pedagogy is most appropriate to the 21st-century learning context where life is highly integrated with digital technology (Juhaňák et al, 2019;König et al, 2020;Rafnis, 2019;Smith & Colton, 2020).…”