Backward Masking and Unmasking Across Saccadic Eye Movements

Pisapia, Nicola De; Kaunitz, Lisandro Nicolas; Melcher, David

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.056

Cited by 41 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Particularly, the spatial re-entry model predicts receptive field shifts very similar to remapping for a large part of the visual field [106]. Thus, recent data about trans-saccadic perception using adaptation and masking [117,118] that has been linked to remapping can also be explained on the basis of spatial re-entry. Model simulations predict that cells showing remapping ought to be confined to locations above and below the fovea stretching into the visual field opposite of the saccade target.…”

Section: Computational Mechanisms For Visual Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Computational models of spatial updating in peri-saccadic perception

Hamker

Zirnsak

Ziesche

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Perceptual phenomena that occur around the time of a saccade, such as peri-saccadic mislocalization or saccadic suppression of displacement, have often been linked to mechanisms of spatial stability. These phenomena are usually regarded as errors in processes of trans-saccadic spatial transformations and they provide important tools to study these processes. However, a true understanding of the underlying brain processes that participate in the preparation for a saccade and in the transfer of information across it requires a closer, more quantitative approach that links different perceptual phenomena with each other and with the functional requirements of ensuring spatial stability. We review a number of computational models of peri-saccadic spatial perception that provide steps in that direction. Although most models are concerned with only specific phenomena, some generalization and interconnection between them can be obtained from a comparison. Our analysis shows how different perceptual effects can coherently be brought together and linked back to neuronal mechanisms on the way to explaining vision across saccades.

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Section: Computational Mechanisms For Visual Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Computational models of spatial updating in peri-saccadic perception

Hamker

Zirnsak

Ziesche

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…1) because ''observers knew the target's position and approximate timing in the noeye movement and eye movement conditions so that attention could be allocated in the same manner on every trial.'' Second, performance might have been enhanced through saccadic unmasking (De Pisapia, Kaunitz, & Melcher, 2010;Hunt & Cavanagh, 2011). In this presaccadic effect, the target and its distractorsalthough presented at the same physical location-are being perceived at different spatial locations.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Comparing Crowding When Responding Manually Ormentioning

confidence: 97%

Eyes on crowding: Crowding is preserved when responding by eye and similarly affects identity and position accuracy

Yildirim¹,

Meyer²,

Cornelissen³

2015

Journal of Vision

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Peripheral vision guides recognition and selection of targets for eye movements. Crowding—a decline in recognition performance that occurs when a potential target is surrounded by other, similar, objects—influences peripheral object recognition. A recent model study suggests that crowding may be due to increased uncertainty about both the identity and the location of peripheral target objects, but very few studies have assessed these properties in tandem. Eye tracking can integrally provide information on both the perceived identity and the position of a target and therefore could become an important approach in crowding studies. However, recent reports suggest that around the moment of saccade preparation crowding may be significantly modified. If these effects were to generalize to regular crowding tasks, it would complicate the interpretation of results obtained with eye tracking and the comparison to results obtained using manual responses. For this reason, we first assessed whether the manner by which participants responded—manually or by eye—affected their performance. We found that neither recognition performance nor response time was affected by the response type. Hence, we conclude that crowding magnitude was preserved when observers responded by eye. In our main experiment, observers made eye movements to the location of a tilted Gabor target while we varied flanker tilt to manipulate target-flanker similarity. The results indicate that this similarly affected the accuracy of peripheral recognition and saccadic target localization. Our results inform about the importance of both location and identity uncertainty in crowding.

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“…Some evidence for a reset in the window of object individuation comes from studies of masking. Visual persistence, as measured by the missing dot task (Di Lollo, 1980), does not continue across saccades (Bridgeman and Mayer, 1983; Jonides et al, 1983) and masking can be disrupted by the intention to make a saccade (De Pisapia et al, 2010). On the other hand, the much longer temporal integration windows involved in apparent motion, over 100s of milliseconds, do not seem to be disrupted by saccades (Fracasso et al, 2010; Melcher and Fracasso, 2012).…”

Section: Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal window of individuation limits visual capacity

Wutz

Melcher

2014

Front. Psychol.

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One of the main tasks of vision is to individuate and recognize specific objects. Unlike the detection of basic features, object individuation is strictly limited in capacity. Previous studies of capacity, in terms of subitizing ranges or visual working memory, have emphasized spatial limits in the number of objects that can be apprehended simultaneously. Here, we present psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence that capacity limits depend instead on time. Contrary to what is commonly assumed, subitizing, the reading-out a small set of individual objects, is not an instantaneous process. Instead, individuation capacity increases in steps within the lifetime of visual persistence of the stimulus, suggesting that visual capacity limitations arise as a result of the narrow window of feedforward processing. We characterize this temporal window as coordinating individuation and integration of sensory information over a brief interval of around 100 ms. Neural signatures of integration windows are revealed in reset alpha oscillations shortly after stimulus onset within generators in parietal areas. Our findings suggest that short-lived alpha phase synchronization (≈1 cycle) is key for individuation and integration of visual transients on rapid time scales (<100 ms). Within this time frame intermediate-level vision provides an equilibrium between the competing needs to individuate invariant objects, integrate information about those objects over time, and remain sensitive to dynamic changes in sensory input. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of temporal windows in visual processing, how they create a fundamental capacity limit, and their role in constraining the real-time dynamics of visual processing.

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Backward Masking and Unmasking Across Saccadic Eye Movements

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Computational models of spatial updating in peri-saccadic perception

Computational models of spatial updating in peri-saccadic perception

Eyes on crowding: Crowding is preserved when responding by eye and similarly affects identity and position accuracy

The temporal window of individuation limits visual capacity

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