Backward Masking in Schizophrenia and Mania

Green, Michael Foster; Nuechterlein, Keith H.; Mintz, Jim

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950120017004

Cited by 221 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previously, it has been shown that performance in .VM tasks was diminished across the schizophrenia spectrum (Green et al . 1994 a , b , 1997, 1999; Rassovsky et al . 2004; Lee et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual information processing dysfunction across the developmental course of early psychosis

2012

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Background Patients with schizophrenia consistently demonstrate information processing abnormalities assessed with visual masking (VM) tasks, and these deficits have been linked to clinical and functional severity. It has been suggested that VM impairments may be a vulnerability marker in individuals at risk for developing psychosis. Method Forward and backward VM performance was assessed in 72 first-episode (FE) psychosis patients, 98 subjects at risk (AR) for psychosis and 98 healthy controls (HC) using two identification tasks (with either a high- or low-energy mask) and a location task. VM was examined for stability in a subgroup (FE, n=15; AR, n=35; HC, n=21) and assessed relative to clinical and functional measures. Results In the identification tasks, backward VM deficits were observed in both FE and AR relative to HC whereas forward VM deficits were only present in FE patients compared to HC. In the location task, AR subjects demonstrated superior performance in forward VM relative to HC. VM performance was stable over time, and VM deficits were associated with baseline functional measures and predicted future negative symptom severity in AR subjects. Conclusions Visual information processing deficits, as indexed by backward VM, are present before and after the onset of frank psychosis, and probably represent a stable vulnerability marker that is associated with negative symptoms and functional decline. Additionally, the paradoxically better performance of AR subjects in select forward tasks suggests that early compensatory changes may characterize an emerging psychotic state.

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“…Previously, it has been shown that performance in .VM tasks was diminished across the schizophrenia spectrum (Green et al . 1994 a , b , 1997, 1999; Rassovsky et al . 2004; Lee et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1992) The masking paradigms can require participants to locate (dorsal stream) versus identify (ventral stream) target stimuli, activating the cortical component (Balogh & Merritt, 1987; Green et al . 1994 b ; Cadenhead et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual information processing dysfunction across the developmental course of early psychosis

2012

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“…At the time that visual processing deficits in schizophrenia were first described, visual systems were divided into discrete “transient” and “sustained” channels based upon psychophysiological studies in humans. The backward masking deficits were interpreted as showing hyperactive transient system response (Green et al 1994), although underlying neural mechanisms were not identified.…”

Section: Bottom-up Contributions To Impaired Processing In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

When Doors of Perception Close: Bottom-up Models of Disrupted Cognition in Schizophrenia

Javitt

2009

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

463

386

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Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Cognitive deficits are a key feature of schizophrenia and a primary cause of long-term disability. Current neurophysiological models of schizophrenia focus on distributed brain dysfunction with bottom-up as well as top-down components. Bottom-up deficits in cognitive processing are driven by impairments in basic perceptual processes that localize to primary sensory brain regions. Within the auditory system, deficits are apparent in elemental sensory processing, such as tone matching following brief delay. Such deficits lead to impairments in higher-order processes such as phonological processing and auditory emotion recognition. Within the visual system, deficits are apparent in functioning of the magnocellular visual pathway, leading to higher-order deficits in processes such as perceptual closure, object recognition, and reading. In both auditory and visual systems, patterns of deficit are consistent with underlying impairment of brain N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor systems.

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“…Green et al [103] showed impaired VBM performance in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients, and a few years later, the same author [104] replicated these findings in an independent sample of siblings of schizophrenia patients, but the same results were not observed in siblings of patients with different mental diseases such as bipolar disease [102]. Relatives of schizophrenia patients showed more pronounced deficits if the interval between target and mask was short and if the target location was perceived [101, 102].…”

Section: Visual Perception and Endophenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmology Issues in Schizophrenia

Gracitelli

Abe

Diniz-Filho

et al. 2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder associated with not only cognitive dysfunctions, such as memory and attention deficits, but also changes in basic sensory processing. Although most studies on schizophrenia have focused on disturbances in higher-order brain functions associated with the prefrontal cortex or frontal cortex, recent investigations have also reported abnormalities in low-level sensory processes, such as the visual system. At very early stages of the disease, schizophrenia patients frequently describe in detail symptoms of a disturbance in various aspects of visual perception that may lead to worse clinical symptoms and decrease in quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the various studies that have explored the visual issues in schizophrenia.

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Backward Masking in Schizophrenia and Mania

Cited by 221 publications

References 21 publications

Visual information processing dysfunction across the developmental course of early psychosis

Visual information processing dysfunction across the developmental course of early psychosis

When Doors of Perception Close: Bottom-up Models of Disrupted Cognition in Schizophrenia

Ophthalmology Issues in Schizophrenia

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