Ophthalmology Issues in Schizophrenia

Gracitelli, Carolina P. B.; Abe, Ricardo Y.; Diniz-Filho, Alberto; Vaz-de-Lima, Fabiana Benites; Paranhos, Augusto; Medeiros, Felipe A.

doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0569-x

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…The review by Gracitelli et al (2015) showed that most studies on schizophrenia have focused on disturbances in higher-order brain functions associated with the frontal and pre-frontal cortex. However, recently there have been reported abnormalities in low-level sensory processes, such as the visual system.…”

Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the variations in the dopamine and glutamate systems that have been highlighted in the pathophysiology of the disease. Also, the loss of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness has been well established in several neurologic diseases which also involve dopamine and glutamate dysregulation (9). Thirty schizophrenia patients and 30 agematched controls were studied with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and it was found that these measurements were reduced in schizophrenia patients.…”

Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported that visual impairment in schizophrenia patients could result from dysfunction in the magnocellular pathway. Tilt After Effects (TAE) in chronic schizophrenia patients were studied using neuroleptic drugs and compared with Parkinson's disease patients (9). It was shown that, if presenting peripheral fine gratings, schizophrenia patients produced results similar to those suffering from Parkinson's.…”

Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that schizophrenia patients make more color discrimination errors than control subjects. Studies concerning eye movements in schizophrenia patients have found reduced pursuit gain, low initial acceleration, and abnormal gain-corrective saccade interactions (9). Schizophrenia is associated with consistent deficits in visual processing in the early stage of the disease.…”

Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interface Between Psychiatry and Ophthalmology

Sadykov

Studnička

Hosák

et al. 2019

Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)

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Objective: The aim of this article is to review the interface between psychiatry and ophthalmology at several levels, such as the influence of psychopharmacology on eye disorders, the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in eye diseases, and the neuroophthalmological examination methods supporting the validity of psychiatric diagnoses. Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed computer database for the key words “Psychiatry” and “Ophthalmology” on the 28th of August, 2018 to obtain relevant articles which were consequently summarized. Results: The results showed that most patients with ocular disease simultaneously have one or more psychiatric symptoms. We also found a prevalence of eye-related side effects in patients who use psychiatric drugs. At the same time, we observed that some ophthalmology methods of diagnostics can be used as diagnostic tools in psychiatry. Conclusions: Most studies showed a significant relation between psychiatry and ophthalmology, such as eye symptoms and diseases following long-term use of psychotropics as well as psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in patients with eye disorders. Our review may be beneficial to psychiatrists, ophthalmologists, and, last but not least, the patients themselves.

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Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Schizophrenia In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Interface Between Psychiatry and Ophthalmology

Sadykov

Studnička

Hosák

et al. 2019

Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)

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show abstract

“…This suggestion is supported by recent reviews. 4,5 This article will review selected structural and functional eye abnormalities found in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. It will then examine some infections of the eye and central nervous system to demonstrate how such infections might account for the eye abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Infections: The Eyes Have It

Torrey

Yolken

2016

SCHBUL

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The visual tract is prominently involved in schizophrenia, as evidenced by perceptual distortions and a type of nystagmus found in many individuals affected. Genetic explanations for these abnormalities have been suggested. This study proposes an alternate explanation based on infection. Several infectious agents thought to be associated with some cases of schizophrenia are known to cause both infection of the fetus and abnormalities of the eye. Toxoplasma gondii is examined in detail, and rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicellazoster virus, and herpes simplex virus more briefly. Careful ophthalmic assessments, including funduscopy and direct examination of tissues for infectious agents, will clarify the role of such agents in ocular aspects of schizophrenia.

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Attention and the Cholinergic System: Relevance to Schizophrenia

Lustig

Sarter

2015

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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Traditional methods of drug discovery often rely on a unidirectional, "bottom-up" approach: A search for molecular compounds that target a particular neurobiological substrate (e.g., a receptor type), the refinement of those compounds, testing in animal models using high-throughput behavioral screening methods, and then human testing for safety and effectiveness. Many attempts have found the "effectiveness" criterion to be a major stumbling block, and we and others have suggested that success may be improved by an alternative approach that considers the neural circuits mediating the effects of genetic and molecular manipulations on behavior and cognition. We describe our efforts to understand the cholinergic system's role in attention using parallel approaches to test main hypotheses in both rodents and humans as well as generating converging evidence using methods and levels of analysis tailored to each species. The close back-and-forth between these methods has enhanced our understanding of the cholinergic system's role in attention both "bottom-up" and "top-down"-that is, the basic neuroscience identifies potential neuronal circuit-based mechanisms of clinical symptoms, and the patient and genetic populations serve as natural experiments to test and refine hypotheses about its contribution to specific processes. Together, these studies have identified (at least) two major and potentially independent contributions of the cholinergic system to attention: a neuromodulatory component that influences cognitive control in response to challenges from distractors that either make detection more difficult or draw attention away from the distractor, and a phasic or transient cholinergic signal that instigates a shift from ongoing behavior and the activation of cue-associated response. Right prefrontal cortex appears to play a particularly important role in the neuromodulatory component integrating motivational and cognitive influences for top-down control across populations, whereas the transient cholinergic signal involves orbitofrontal regions associated with shifts between internal and external attention. Understanding how these two modes of cholinergic function interact and are perturbed in schizophrenia will be an important prerequisite for developing effective treatments.

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Ophthalmology Issues in Schizophrenia

Cited by 30 publications

References 104 publications

The Interface Between Psychiatry and Ophthalmology

The Interface Between Psychiatry and Ophthalmology

Schizophrenia and Infections: The Eyes Have It

Attention and the Cholinergic System: Relevance to Schizophrenia

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