Bacteria inhabiting deadwood of 13 tree species are heterogeneously distributed between sapwood and heartwood

Moll, Julia; Kellner, Harald; Leonhardt, Sabrina; Stengel, Elisa; Dahl, Andreas; Bässler, Claus; Buscot, François; Hofrichter, Martin; Hoppe, Björn

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14376

Cited by 55 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A possible explanation might be that the anatomical and physicochemical properties of deadwood strongly differ between broadleaved and coniferous tree species (Wilson & White, 1986; Meerts, 2002; Weedon et al ., 2009), which can explain their frequently distinct communities of saproxylic taxa (Purahong et al ., 2018). Analyses of wood‐inhabiting fungi and bacteria using molecular data and a small set of wood properties demonstrated the importance of physicochemical properties (pH, density, extractives, lignin content, and water content) in determining community composition (Moll et al ., 2018; Purahong et al ., 2018). Additionally, the phylogenetic relatedness of the tree species might also play a role in determining saproxylic beetle communities, as wood properties seem to be more similar in closely related than in distantly related tree species (Thorn et al ., 2015; Purahong et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches

Vogel

Bußler

Finnberg³

et al. 2020

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. Tree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. Yet, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking. 2. We exposed freshly cut branch-bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non-native to Europe, under sun-exposed and shaded conditions for 1 year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex situ for 2 years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities. Furthermore, the number of colonised tree species by each saproxylic beetle species was determined. 3. Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha-and gamma-diversity found in Quercus petraea. Red-listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non-native tree species as well as sun-exposed and shaded deadwood. 4. Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non-native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red-listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure of into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native and with a specific focus on locally rare or silviculturally less important tree species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches

Vogel

Bußler

Finnberg³

et al. 2020

Insect Conserv Diversity

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“…Wood traits differed significantly between the heartwood of different tree species for lignin and acid-soluble lignin, water content, pH, and C content, and between the sapwoods for acid-soluble lignin (30). Modules of the sapwood fungal network were formed on the basis of tree identity rather than wood traits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The current study presents findings from the BELongDead (Biodiversity Exploratories Long-term Deadwood) experiment that observes decomposition of deadwood logs of 13 deciduous and coniferous temperate tree species, standardized by the same starting time point of decomposition (28). Prior to this study, the wood-colonizing fungal and prokaryotic communities and their spatial distribution in sapwood and heartwood were analyzed using amplicon sequencing, revealing tree species-related differences for both groups and spatial differences mainly for the prokaryotes (29,30). However, it remained unclear how the two groups are comparatively linked to the deadwood resource.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amplicon Sequencing-Based Bipartite Network Analysis Confirms a High Degree of Specialization and Modularity for Fungi and Prokaryotes in Deadwood

Moll

Heintz‐Buschart

Bässler

et al. 2021

mSphere

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Fungi and prokaryotes are dominant colonizers of wood and mediate its decomposition. Much progress has been achieved to unravel these communities and link them to specific wood properties. However, comparative studies considering both groups of organisms and assessing their relationships to wood resources are largely missing. Bipartite interaction networks provide an opportunity to investigate this colonizer-resource relationship more in detail and aim to directly compare results between different biotic groups. The main questions were as follows. Are network structures reflecting the trophic relationship between fungal and prokaryotic colonizers and their resources? If so, do they reflect the critical role of these groups, especially that of fungi, during decomposition? We used amplicon sequencing data to analyze fungal and prokaryotic interaction networks from deadwood of 13 temperate tree species at an early to middle stage of decomposition. Several diversity- and specialization-related indices were determined and the observed network structures were related to intrinsic wood traits. We hypothesized nonrandom bipartite networks for both groups and a higher degree of specialization for fungi, as they are the key players in wood decomposition. The results reveal highly modular and specialized interaction networks for both groups of organisms, demonstrating that many fungi and prokaryotes are resource-specific colonizers. However, as the level of specialization of fungi significantly surpassed that of prokaryotes, our findings reflect the strong association between fungi and their host. Our novel approach shows that the application of bipartite interaction networks is a useful tool to explore, quantify, and compare the deadwood-colonizers relationship based on sequencing data. IMPORTANCE Deadwood is important for our forest ecosystems. It feeds and houses many organisms, e.g., fungi and prokaryotes, with many different species contributing to its decomposition and nutrient cycling. The aim of this study was to explore and quantify the relationship between these two main wood-inhabiting organism groups and their corresponding host trees. Two independent DNA-based amplicon sequencing data sets (fungi and prokaryotes) were analyzed via bipartite interaction networks. The links in the networks represent the interactions between the deadwood colonizers and their deadwood hosts. The networks allowed us to analyze whether many colonizing species interact mostly with a restricted number of deadwood tree species, so-called specialization. Our results demonstrate that many prokaryotes and fungi are resource-specific colonizers. The direct comparison between both groups revealed significantly higher specialization values for fungi, emphasizing their strong association to respective host trees, which reflects their dominant role in exploiting this resource.

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“…PCR genomic DNA amplicon libraries of the targeted microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) were produced from the genomic DNA templates. The bacterial 16S and fungal ITS2 within the rDNA region were amplified using a modified primer mix: P5_8N_515F + P5_7N_515F (forward) together with P7_2N_806R + P7_1N_806R (Caporaso et al, 2012;Moll et al, 2018) for the bacteria, and P5-5N-ITS4 (Gardes and Bruns, 1993;Leonhardt et al, 2019)/P7-4N-fITS7 (Ihrmark et al, 2012;Leonhardt et al, 2019) for the fungi, all containing the Illumina adapter sequences (see Supplementary Table S2 for an overview of the utilized primer sequences according to Hendgen et al, 2018). All PCRs were conducted using the proofreading KAPA Hifi polymerase (Kapa Biosystems, Boston, MA, United States).…”

Section: Dna Extraction Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Root Zone Microbiome: Exploring the Magnitude of Environmental Conditions and Host Tree Impact

et al. 2020

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Tree roots attract their associated microbial partners from the local soil community. Accordingly, tree root-associated microbial communities are shaped by both the host tree and local environmental variables. To rationally compare the magnitude of environmental conditions and host tree impact, the "PhytOakmeter" project planted clonal oak saplings (Quercus robur L., clone DF159) as phytometers into different field sites that are within a close geographic space across the Central German lowland region. The PhytOakmeters were produced via micro-propagation to maintain their genetic identity. The current study analyzed the microbial communities in the PhytOakmeter root zone vs. the tree root-free zone of soil two years after out-planting the trees. Soil DNA was extracted, 16S and ITS2 genes were respectively amplified for bacteria and fungi, and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. The obtained microbial communities were analyzed in relation to soil chemistry and weather data as environmental conditions, and the host tree growth. Although microbial diversity in soils of the tree root zone was similar among the field sites, the community structure was site-specific. Likewise, within respective sites, the microbial diversity between PhytOakmeter root and root-free zones was comparable. The number of microbial species exclusive to either zone, however, was higher in the host tree root zone than in the tree root-free zone. PhytOakmeter "core" and "site-specific" microbiomes were identified and attributed to the host tree selection effect and/or to the ambient conditions of the sites, respectively. The identified PhytOakmeter root zone-associated microbiome predominantly included ectomycorrhizal fungi, yeasts and saprotrophs. Soil pH, soil organic matter, and soil temperature were significantly correlated with the microbial diversity and/or community structure. Although the host tree contributed to shape the soil microbial communities, its effect was surpassed by the impact of environmental factors. The current study helps to understand site-specific microbe recruitment processes by young host trees.

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Bacteria inhabiting deadwood of 13 tree species are heterogeneously distributed between sapwood and heartwood

Cited by 55 publications

References 49 publications

Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches

Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches

Amplicon Sequencing-Based Bipartite Network Analysis Confirms a High Degree of Specialization and Modularity for Fungi and Prokaryotes in Deadwood

Tree Root Zone Microbiome: Exploring the Magnitude of Environmental Conditions and Host Tree Impact

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