Bacteria‐Responsive Multifunctional Nanogel for Targeted Antibiotic Delivery

Abstract

Bacteria-Responsive Multifunctional Nanogel: We developed a bacteria-responsive multifunctional nanogel for targeted antibiotic delivery, in which bacterial enzymes are utilized to trigger antibiotic release by degrading the polyphosphoester core. The mannosylated nanogel preferentially delivers drugs to macrophages and leads to drug accumulation at bacterial infection sites through macrophage transport. This nanogel provides macrophage targeting and lesion site-activatable drug release properties, which enhances bacterial growth inhibition.

The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future

“…The drugs in the NPs are then released in the macrophages in which bacteria are present. 53 Controllability: Sustained and controllable release of antibiotics can be achieved flexibly.…”

Novel drug delivery systems to combat antimicrobial resistance

“…These enzymes can be used as biomarkers for timely initiation of treatment and also as therapeutic targets for infection responsive drug release system ( Figure 5) [5859]. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infected wound fluid has been reported to have high thrombin-like activity due to bacterial enzymatic activity [60]; whereas, the release of bacterial phosphatase and phospholipase, which are key virulence factors for certain bacteria, are reported in other studies [61]. Likewise, elevated concentrations of myeloperoxidase released from neutrophils and monocytes have been reported during the inflammatory response to infection [62,63], while macrophages produced cholesterol esterase during infection [64].…”

Surfactant‐Free Emulsion‐Based Preparation of Redox‐Responsive Nanogels

“…[ 1,2 ] Some types of nanogels can securely encapsulate drugs and release them upon activation by stimuli [ 3 ] such as redox, [ 4,5 ] pH, [6][7][8] temperature, [ 9,10 ] and enzymatic pathways. [ 11,12 ] Since nanogels for drug delivery were reported in the late 1990s, [ 13,14 ] many preparation approaches have been developed based on emulsion polymerization of multifunctional monomers, crosslinking of polymer self-assembly and templateassisted nanofabrication. [ 1,15 ] However, most of these preparation processes are complex, whereby surfactants, [16][17][18][19] crosslinkers, [ 13,[20][21][22] initiators, catalysts and monomers have to be used, [ 8,21,[23][24][25][26][27] and exhaustive purifi cation is of poly(BAC2-AMPD1)-PEG in chloroform.…”