Bacterial and archaeal biogeography of the deep chlorophyll maximum in the South Pacific Gyre

Walsh, Emily; Smith, David C.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Dhondt, Steven

doi:10.3354/ame01746

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…At the DCM depths there was evidence of bacterial community structuring by phytoplankton conferred variables and depth as indicated by the CCA ordinations and the Mantel tests which showed a higher correlation between the species composition matrix and the phytoplankton conferred variables compared to all environmental variables combined. These results are also in agreement with Walsh et al (2015) who showed significant correlations between bacterial community composition with depth and sea surface chlorophyll a concentrations for the SPG DCM. Whereas the above analyses consider the whole bacterial community, correlations at a finer taxonomic level, at the level of an OTU or ecotype can reveal the influence of different environmental variables.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The DCM bacterial community was significantly different from the surface community showing a higher richness and phylogenetic diversity with increases in abundance of bacterial groups typically found at depth or associated with higher phytoplankton biomass including the Deferribacteres (SAR406), the Deltaproteobacteria (SAR324), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and the OCS116 lineage. These groups were found in another SPG study using 16S rRNA tag sequences ( Walsh et al, 2015 ) and also in the South Atlantic Gyre ( Morris et al, 2012 ) and the North Atlantic Gyre ( Treusch et al, 2009 ). Relative abundances of Prochlorococcus also increased with depth in agreement with flow cytometry cell abundance data ( Grob et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Very few oceanographic cruises have passed through the SPG and there is only patchy information on the structure of heterotrophic bacterial communities in this region. One paper presented microbial composition data from a transect from one station in the SPG toward the rim of the gyre ( Yin et al, 2013 ) and a recent study focused on the archaeal and bacterial populations in the DCM of several gyre stations ( Walsh et al, 2015 ). Samples from the BIOSOPE oceanographic cruise taken along a transect of around 8000 km in the South East Pacific Ocean presented an ideal opportunity to study patterns of microbial diversity in the context of a suite of environmental variables and different phytoplankton distributions ( Claustre et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Spatial Patterns of SAR11, SAR86, and Actinobacteria Diversity along a Transect in the Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2016

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Distinct distribution patterns of members of the major bacterial clades SAR11, SAR86, and Actinobacteria were observed across a transect from the Marquesas islands through the ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre into the Chilean upwelling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and RNA–DNA fingerprinting. Three different Actinobacteria sequence clusters belonging to “Candidatus Actinomarinidae” were localized in the western half of the transect, one was limited to the gyre deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) and sequences affiliated to the OCS155 clade were unique to the upwelling. The structure of the surface bacterial community was highly correlated with water mass and remained similar across the whole central gyre (1300 nautical miles). The surface hyperoligotrophic gyre was dominated (>70% of all sequences) by highly diverse SAR11 and SAR86 operational taxonomic units and these communities were significantly different from those in the DCM. Analysis of 16S rRNA fingerprints generated from RNA allowed insights into the potential activity of assigned bacterial groups. SAR11 and Prochlorococcus showed the highest potential activity in all water masses except for the upwelling, accounting together for 65% of the total bacterial 16S rRNA in the gyre surface waters in equal proportions whereas the contribution of SAR11 decreased significantly at the DCM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Spatial Patterns of SAR11, SAR86, and Actinobacteria Diversity along a Transect in the Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2016

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“…This would be in accordance with the higher diversity in deeper samples 17 and in the center of oceanic gyres compared to the edges. These gyres are the most oligotrophic regions of the ocean; their center is very stable and practically devoid of nutrients (hyper-oligotrophic), yet the diversity of Bacteria and Archaea is higher in the center 31 . However, that would mean that the peaks in diversity in the Northern and Southern subtropical regions reflect stable communities, while surface samples and those around the equator are subject to disturbances, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low diversity of planktonic bacteria in the tropical ocean

Milici

Tomasch

Wos‐Oxley

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The diversity of macro-organisms increases towards the equator, with almost no exceptions. It is the most conserved biogeographical pattern on earth and is thought to be related to the increase of temperature and productivity in the tropics. The extent and orientation of a latitudinal gradient of marine bacterioplankton diversity is controversial. Here we studied the euphotic zone of the Atlantic Ocean based on a transect covering ~12.000 km from 51°S to 47 °N. Water samples were collected at 26 stations at five depths between 20 and 200 m and sequentially filtered through 8 μm, 3 μm and 0,22 μm filters, resulting in a total of 359 samples. Illumina sequencing of the V5–V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a clear biogeographic pattern with a double inverted latitudinal gradient. Diversity was higher in mid-latitudinal regions of the Atlantic Ocean and decreased towards the equator. This pattern was conserved for bacteria from all three planktonic size fractions. Diversity showed a non-linear relationship with temperature and was negatively correlated with bacterial cell numbers in the upper depth layers (<100 m). The latitudinal gradients of marine bacterial diversity and the mechanisms that govern them are distinct from those found in macro-organisms.

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“…Clustering of microbial communities according to the water mass has also been observed in the deep Atlantic Ocean (Agogue et al, 2011 ). In the epipelagic zone of the ocean, the constant mixing of the water column enhances dispersal of marine bacteria, which is achieved by gyre circulation (Walsh et al, 2015 ) and up-and down-welling processes (Bergen et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterioplankton Biogeography of the Atlantic Ocean: A Case Study of the Distance-Decay Relationship

et al. 2016

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In order to determine the influence of geographical distance, depth, and Longhurstian province on bacterial community composition and compare it with the composition of photosynthetic micro-eukaryote communities, 382 samples from a depth-resolved latitudinal transect (51°S–47°N) from the epipelagic zone of the Atlantic ocean were analyzed by Illumina amplicon sequencing. In the upper 100 m of the ocean, community similarity decreased toward the equator for 6000 km, but subsequently increased again, reaching similarity values of 40–60% for samples that were separated by ~12,000 km, resulting in a U-shaped distance-decay curve. We conclude that adaptation to local conditions can override the linear distance-decay relationship in the upper epipelagial of the Atlantic Ocean which is apparently not restrained by barriers to dispersal, since the same taxa were shared between the most distant communities. The six Longhurstian provinces covered by the transect were comprised of distinct microbial communities; ~30% of variation in community composition could be explained by province. Bacterial communities belonging to the deeper layer of the epipelagic zone (140–200 m) lacked a distance-decay relationship altogether and showed little provincialism. Interestingly, those biogeographical patterns were consistently found for bacteria from three different size fractions of the plankton with different taxonomic composition, indicating conserved underlying mechanisms. Analysis of the chloroplast 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that phytoplankton composition was strongly correlated with both free-living and particle associated bacterial community composition (R between 0.51 and 0.62, p < 0.002). The data show that biogeographical patterns commonly found in macroecology do not hold for marine bacterioplankton, most likely because dispersal and evolution occur at drastically different rates in bacteria.

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Bacterial and archaeal biogeography of the deep chlorophyll maximum in the South Pacific Gyre

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Distinct Spatial Patterns of SAR11, SAR86, and Actinobacteria Diversity along a Transect in the Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean

Distinct Spatial Patterns of SAR11, SAR86, and Actinobacteria Diversity along a Transect in the Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean

Low diversity of planktonic bacteria in the tropical ocean

Bacterioplankton Biogeography of the Atlantic Ocean: A Case Study of the Distance-Decay Relationship

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