Bacterial and Fungal Infections in the Early Post-Transplant Period After Kidney Transplantation: Etiological Agents and Their Susceptibility

Kawecki, D.; Wszoła, Michał; Kwiatkowski, A.; Sawicka-Grzelak, A.; Durlik, M.; Pączek, Leszek; Młynarczyk, G.; Chmura, A.

doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.115

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…MDR organisms as a cause of bacterial infection were not common in our patient population as compared with other reported studies which showed an increasing trend of MDR organisms in kidney transplant recipients. 21 , 22 Our findings are likely due to the overall lower prevalence of MDR organisms in Canada as compared with other geographic regions, and it is likely a matter of time until we see an increase in MDR organisms in our kidney transplant population. 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Incidence Rate of Post-Kidney Transplant Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study Examining Infection Rates at a Large Canadian Multicenter Tertiary-Care Facility

Cowan

Bennett

Fergusson

et al. 2018

Can J Kidney Health Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Reducing post-operative infections among kidney transplant patients is critical to improve long-term outcomes. With shifting disease demographics and implementation of new transplantation protocols, frequent evaluation of infection rate and type is necessary.Objective:Our objectives were to assess the incidence and types of post-operative infections in kidney transplant recipients at a large tertiary-care facility and determine sample sizes needed for future intervention trials.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario.Patients:Adult kidney transplant patients, N = 142.Measurements:Demographic data, transplant protocol, infections up to 2 years following transplantation.Methods:Infections within 2 years following transplantation in all kidney transplant recipients between January 2011 and December 2012 were reviewed. Sample sizes were determined using all-cause infection rates and infection-free survival data.Results:Of 142 patients, 44 (31.0%) had at least one infection. The incidence of infection was 36.2 per 100 patient-years by 2 years post-transplant. A total of 32 (22.5%) patients had 56 infection-related hospitalizations with 73.2% occurring in the first year. In the first 2 years, urinary tract infections had the highest incidence (18.1 per 100 patient-years) followed by skin (3.9 per 100 patient-years), cytomegalovirus (3.9 per 100 patient-years), and bacteremia (3.9 per 100 patient-years). Results indicate that 206 patients per study arm would be needed to show a 30% reduction in the 2-year incidence of infection post-transplantation.Limitations:Infection rates may be slightly underestimated due to the relatively short 2-year follow-up; however, the highest infection-risk period was captured within this time frame.Conclusions:Infections post-kidney transplant are still common, particularly urinary tract infections. They are associated with significant morbidity and hospitalization. Given the feasible sample sizes calculated in this study, intervention trials are indicated to further reduce infection rates within the first 2 years post-kidney transplantation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Incidence Rate of Post-Kidney Transplant Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study Examining Infection Rates at a Large Canadian Multicenter Tertiary-Care Facility

Cowan

Bennett

Fergusson

et al. 2018

Can J Kidney Health Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hoyo in year 2012 [16] reviewed 1656 cases of solid organ transplantation for the occurrence of opportunistic infection, infection occurred in 163 cases from which 40 cases occurred in the lung in the period between the first and sixth month after transplantation, the most common organism isolated was Aspergillus species followed by P. carinii, they concluded that the incidence of opportunistic infection is considerable and the outcome of these infections is usually fatal, in the present study Aspergillus was isolated in only one patient and was associated with bacterial infection and the patient died after 10 days from diagnosis. Kawecki in year 2014 [17] reviewed 295 cases of renal transplantation from 2001 to 2007 and followed the cases for early infection in the first 4 weeks after the procedure, the number of sputum samples were 13 and they showed Gram-positive bacteria (57.1%), Gram-negative bacteria (14.3%) and fungi were isolated in 28.6%, they concluded that number of resistant organisms to multiple antibiotics is increasing regardless of the type of infection after transplantation there is need for more strict adherence to infection control procedures in these patients. In comparison to the above mentioned studies the number of patients in the present study was small but it is worth noting that definite etiology was identified in all cases of pneumonia in the present study, this may be attributed to the use of sputum plus doing bronchoscopy and BAL in the first 24 h associated with the use of quantitative culture in all patients, this policy had a great impact on the diagnosis of etiologic organisms and can aid to prevent overuse of antibiotics and prevent the emergence of resistant organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the pattern of lower respiratory tract infection within the first year in renal transplant patients

Affara

Shaarawy

2015

Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Renal transplantation is the most common type of solid organ transplantation, although immunosuppressive therapy is essential for the viability of the graft it leads to increased incidence of infection, especially urinary tract and respiratory tract infections.The aim of the present study: To study the pattern of lower respiratory tract infection within the first year in renal transplant patients.Subjects: Sixty patients receiving renal transplantation because of end stage renal disease were followed up for one year to detect any episode of lower respiratory tract infection.Methods: On suspicion of respiratory tract infection patients were subjected to sputum and blood examination together with doing bronchoscopy and BAL in the first 24 h after presentation, all samples were subjected for microbiological examination including quantitative culture for diagnosis of the etiologic organism.Results: Thirteen patients had episodes of pneumonia (21.66%), the most common cause of pneumonia was single organism bacterial infection (46.1%) followed by mixed bacterial infection (23.1%), then TB and cytomegalo virus infection (15.4% each), etiologic organism was identified in 100% of cases, 11 patients had good response to anti-microbial therapy and showed no signs of rejection or impaired graft function and 2 patients died because of pneumonia.Conclusion: Lower respiratory tract infection is a serious complication after renal transplantation. Bacterial and mixed bacterial infections are the most common etiologies, proper diagnosis using all tools of diagnosis especially bronchoscopy and quantitative culture can help in diagnosis and prevent the overuse of antibiotics.

show abstract

“…The overall care of transplant recipients and advances in immunosuppressive regimens have significantly improved kidney allograft survival rates in the short and long terms. Despite such advances, infections are reported to be the second leading cause of graft failure and death after transplant 1‐4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor oral health status and short‐term outcome of kidney transplantation

Sarmento

Caliento

Maciel³

et al. 2020

Special Care in Dentistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims This study aims to know whether poor oral health increases the risk of acute rejection and hospitalization in kidney allograft recipients. Methods and results This is a prospective cohort study. The same dentist followed participants for 2 months after renal transplant for monitoring oral health (clinical evaluation, DTMF index, and CPITN index), signs of graft rejection, infection, and hospitalization. We compiled rates and reasons for hospital readmission or extended hospital stay. The CPITN had a mean score of 0.38 ± 0.71, increasing to 0.90 ± 0.84, 60 days after transplant (P < .001). No one rejected the graft in the period of study. Patients with older age (P = .009; OR: 1.07; CI 95% 1.01–1.12) were at higher risk of hospitalization at each year of age and patients presenting pretransplant dental focus (P = .001; OR: 7.23; CI 95% 2.13–24.56) had 7.23 times more chance to be hospitalized in the first 2 months after the transplant. One participant was hospitalized due to acute foci of dental infection. Conclusion There was an association between dental focus and hospital readmission/stay. However, our methods do not provide conclusive proof of causality. Hospitalization due to acute dental infection was rare.

show abstract

Bacterial and Fungal Infections in the Early Post-Transplant Period After Kidney Transplantation: Etiological Agents and Their Susceptibility

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Incidence Rate of Post-Kidney Transplant Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study Examining Infection Rates at a Large Canadian Multicenter Tertiary-Care Facility

Incidence Rate of Post-Kidney Transplant Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study Examining Infection Rates at a Large Canadian Multicenter Tertiary-Care Facility

Study of the pattern of lower respiratory tract infection within the first year in renal transplant patients

Poor oral health status and short‐term outcome of kidney transplantation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About