Bacterial Biogeography of the Colon in Dogs With Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in humans and chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs. While most previous studies have described the gut microbiota using sequencing methods, it is fundamental to assess the spatial distribution of the bacteria for a better understanding of their relationship with the host. The microbiota in the colonic mucosa of 22 dogs with CIE and 11 control dogs was investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a universal eubacterial probe (EUB338) and specific probes for select bacterial groups. The number of total bacteria labeled with EUB338 probe was lower within the colonic crypts of dogs with CIE compared to controls. Helicobacter spp. and Akkermansia spp. were decreased on the colonic surface and in the crypts of dogs with CIE. Dogs with CIE had increased number of Escherichia coli/Shigella spp. on the colonic surface and within the crypts compared to control dogs. In conclusion, the bacterial microbiota in the colonic mucosa differed between dogs with and without CIE, with depletion of the crypt bacteria in dogs with CIE. The crypt bacterial species that was intimately associated with the host mucosa in control dogs was composed mainly of Helicobacter spp.

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

“…and Akkermansia spp. (Giaretta et al, 2020). Interestingly, a recent review of the literature noted that compared to humans, Akkermansia spp.…”

Akkermansia and Microbial Degradation of Mucus in Cats and Dogs: Implications to the Growing Worldwide Epidemic of Pet Obesity

“…Similarly, some studies of the human fecal microbiota have not detected this group either [164] and others have detected it in high levels in only a few sections of the digestive tract [165], suggesting that either Akkermansia is not that universally distributed or that its abundance in some individuals is simply undetectable. One more recent study used a FISH probe developed previously [84] to look for the first time into the abundance of Akkermansia in colonic mucosa of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathy [136]. Interestingly, the abundance of Akkermansia was similar to other microbes such as Faecalibacterium, and it was statistically higher in healthy dogs.…”

“…This has been elegantly explained by the fact that the structural heterogeneity of the substrates and the associated enzymatic diversity required for complete mucus degradation needs an assortment of many different microorganisms [188]. In dogs, different microorganisms have been shown in mucosal samples of healthy dogs (e.g., Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, Clostridiales, Faecalibacterium, and the Fusobacteria phylum [41,136], and these groups may in fact represent some of the native mucus degraders in these animal species.…”

Ex vivo comparison ofhand‐suturedversus circular stapled anastomosis in canine large intestine

“…Hand suturing remains the most common anastomotic technique although alternative options include stapled anastomosis and biofragmentable rings 1,2,4 . Relative rates of colonic leakage following colectomy are currently not well established in small animals, but a secure closure is of the utmost importance due to the high bacterial load in the large intestine 5 . Current gastrointestinal stapling techniques include the use of a gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapler with a thoracoabdominal (TA), 6–11 an end‐to‐end anastomosis (EEA), 2,3 or an anastomosis with skin staplers 12 .…”