Bacterial cellulose–hyaluronan nanocomposite biomaterials as wound dressings for severe skin injury repair

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), a network of pure cellulose nanofibers with fine crystallinity, high mechanical strength and wet capability, and good biocompatibility, is a good material candidate for wound dressing. Hyaluronan (HA) has obvious curative properties, promoting the healing of wound skin tissue and reducing scar formation. This study explored an ''orifice plate'' culture method to obtain BC samples of different sizes but consistent thicknesses. Novel BC-HA nanocomposites with a 3-D network structure were obtained through a solution impregnation method. The total surface area and the pore volume of the BC-HA composite films gradually decreased with the increase of HA content. The elongation of BC-HA composite films at the break point gradually increased as the HA content increased while the tensile strength of the BC-HA composite films decreased during the same process. The BC-HA composite films had a better water uptake capability than pure BC, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) measurements showed that the BC-HA composite films can satisfy breathing requirements of injured skin. The BC-HA composite films facilitated the growth of primary human fibroblast cells, showing their low toxicity, and the BC-HA composite films with 0.1% HA lead to higher levels of cell viability than the pure BC. In vivo experiments indicated that the BC-HA with 0.1% HA had the shortest wound healing time while BC-HA with 0.05% HA yielded best tissue repair results. The BC-HA composite films are expected to be useful as novel wound dressing materials for clinical skin repair.

Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose‐based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid

“…BC, in a wet state, is very soft, and easily forms an intimate contact with the skin, owing to its flexible and controllable shape properties. An evidence for this can be seen clearly in the example wherein a severe second‐degree burn wound was completely healed with BC treatment for 44 days . Prior to its use as a wound dressing material; several approaches can be used to manipulate BC in its pure form, in order to fulfill specific requirements.…”

“…These include structural changes, chemical reactions, or inclusion of secondary components. A previous study showed that modification of BC with hyaluronan enhanced the growth of primary human fibroblast cells to a greater extent than pure BC did, and resulted in faster wound healing . Other studies have shown that addition of the drug vaccarin to BC membranes increased its malleability, as indicated by the increase in elongation as compared to BC.…”

“…An evidence for this can be seen clearly in the example wherein a severe second-degree burn wound was completely healed with BC treatment for 44 days. 9 Prior to its use as a wound dressing material; several approaches can be used to manipulate BC in its pure form, in order to fulfill specific requirements. These include structural changes, chemical reactions, or inclusion of secondary components.…”

One‐component waterborne in vivo cross‐linkable polysiloxane coatings for artificial skin

“…The commercially available products mainly have two categories. One is based on natural biomaterials, for examples, chitin (Jayakumar, Prabaharan, Sudheesh, Nair, & Tamura, ), chitosan (Anjum, Arora, Alam, & Gupta, ), hyaluronic acid (Li et al, ), and so forth. They have good biocompatibility, but usually lack skin‐like elasticity and water resistance.…”

Microstructured Multilevel Bacterial Cellulose Allows the Guided Growth of Neural Stem Cells

“…In contrast to other biologic support materials, no by‐products that might cause cytotoxicity or reduce biocompatibility are generated during the production of BC by Acetobacter xylinum ( A. xylinum ) . This makes the use of the produced BC relatively easy and even more cost effective.…”