Bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx predicts very early onset and persistence of otitis media in Australian Aboriginal infants

Leach, Amanda J.; Boswell, Judith; Asche, Valerie; Nienhuys, Terry G.; Mathews, John D.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199411000-00009

Cited by 300 publications

(311 citation statements)

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“…33 In Australian indigenous children, bacterial (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis) colonisation of the nasopharynx occurs as early 2 weeks of age and is heavier than in non-Indigenous children. 34 Some children are susceptible to bacterial infections during, or shortly after, a viral respiratory tract infection and indigenous children have high rates of viral infections. Viral-bacterial interactions are more likely to occur when the upper airway respiratory epithelium is densely colonised with respiratory pathogens or with repeated infections.…”

Section: Csld and Bronchiectasis (Be) Co-existent Clinical Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the increased frequency of chronic wet cough among different groups of indigenous children, it is likely that PBB is also more common in indigenous children. Reasons for this include the dense bacteria colonisation of the nasopharynx of indigenous children early in life, 34 post-viral endobronchial bacterial infection, and ongoing exposure to indoor irritants such as tobacco smoke.…”

Section: Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis (Pbb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung disease in indigenous children

Chang

Brown

Toombs

et al. 2014

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews

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A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 EDUCATIONAL AIMSThe reader will be able to:• Discuss the common respiratory problems encountered by indigenous children.• Appreciate the similarities and differences in the aetiology, associations and management of these common respiratory problems.• Understand the many facets that impact on the clinical outcomes of common respiratory conditions affecting indigenous children.• Discuss potential intervention targets that can reduce the morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases in indigenous children. Page 3 of 27A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 SUMMARY Children in indigenous populations have substantially higher respiratory morbidity than nonindigenous children. Indigenous children have more frequent respiratory infections that are, more severe and, associated with long-term sequelae. Post-infectious sequelae such as chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis are especially prevalent among indigenous groups and have lifelong impact on lung function. Also, although estimates of asthma prevalence among indigenous children are similar to non-indigenous groups the morbidity of asthma is higher in indigenous children. To reduce the morbidity of respiratory illness, best-practice medicine is essential in addition to improving socio-economic factors, (eg household crowding), tobacco smoke exposure, and access to health care and illness prevention programs that likely contribute to these issues. Although each indigenous group may have unique health beliefs and interfaces with modern health care, a culturally sensitive and community-based comprehensive care system of preventive and long term care can improve outcomes for all these conditions. This article focuses on common respiratory conditions encountered by indigenous children living in affluent countries where data is available.

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Section: Csld and Bronchiectasis (Be) Co-existent Clinical Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis (Pbb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung disease in indigenous children

Chang

Brown

Toombs

et al. 2014

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews

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“…Carriage rates of NCHi in the infants in the community were very high; the median age for detection was 50 days and colonization was virtually 100% by 120 days of age and persisted at a high level throughout the first year of life [1]. Eighteen different ribotypes of NCHi were identified from 34 positive swabs taken from 3 infants over a period of 9 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otitis media is endemic in Aboriginal infants in the Northern Territory of Australia; in one rural community all infants were affected within several weeks of birth [1]. Nasopharyngeal colonization with multiple species of respiratory bacterial pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae) occurs within weeks of birth and predicts the subsequent onset of otitis media in Aboriginal infants [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nasopharyngeal colonization with multiple species of respiratory bacterial pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae) occurs within weeks of birth and predicts the subsequent onset of otitis media in Aboriginal infants [1]. Aboriginal people are also subject to high rates of acute respiratory infection requiring antibiotic treatment or hospitalization [2], as are other disadvantaged populations [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carriage of multiple ribotypes of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzaein Aboriginal infants with otitis media

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYRibotyping with the restriction enzyme XbaI was used to study the dynamics of carriage of non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (NCHi) in Aboriginal infants at risk of otitis media. Carriage rates of NCHi in the infants in the community were very high; the median age for detection was 50 days and colonization was virtually 100% by 120 days of age and persisted at a high level throughout the first year of life [1]. Eighteen different ribotypes of NCHi were identified from 34 positive swabs taken from 3 infants over a period of 9 months. The same ribotypes were recovered for up to 3 months from consecutive swabs of individual infants, and 12 of 27 swabs (44-4 %) yielded two ribotypes from four colonies typed. Statistical analysis suggested that most swabs would have been positive for two ribotypes if enough colonies had been typed although the second most frequent ribotype was detected on average in only 13 % of strains. Early colonization and carriage of multiple ribotypes of NCHi may help to explain the chronicity of carriage and thus the persistence of otitis media in Aboriginal infants.

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Antibiotics for persistent nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) in children

Morris

Leach

2007

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx predicts very early onset and persistence of otitis media in Australian Aboriginal infants

Cited by 300 publications

References 0 publications

Lung disease in indigenous children

Lung disease in indigenous children

Carriage of multiple ribotypes of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzaein Aboriginal infants with otitis media

Antibiotics for persistent nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) in children

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