Bacterial Communities Associated With the Pine Wilt Disease Vector Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) During Different Larval Instars

Abstract

We investigated the influence of larval instar on the structure of the gut bacterial community in the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Hope; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The diversity of the gut bacterial community in early, phloem-feeding larvae is significantly higher than in later, wood-feeding larvae. Many of these associates were assigned into a few taxonomic groups, of which Enterobacteriaceae was the most abundant order. The predominant bacterial genus varied during the five instars of larval development. Erwinia was the most abundant genus in the first and fifth instars, Enterobacter was predominant in the third and fourth instars, and the predominant genus in the second instars was in the Enterobacteriaceae (genus unclassified). Actinobacteria were reported in association with M. alternatus for the first time in this study. Cellulomonadaceae (Actinobacteria) was the second most abundant family in the first instar larvae (10.6%). These data contribute to our understanding of the relationships among gut bacteria and M. alternatus, and could aid the development of new pest control strategies.

Bacterial Communities Associated with the Pine Wilt Disease Insect Vector Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) during the Larvae and Pupae Stages

“…Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the two most dominant phyla in all samples. In previous studies on the intestinal bacteria of the larvae and adults of M. alternatus , the dominance of these two phyla was reported [ 7 , 31 ]. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes also predominated in other insects of Cerambycidae and some Diptera, such as Bactrocera minax , Aedes aegypti , and Anastrepha [ 5 , 30 , 32 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

“…The species, quantity, distribution, and function of symbiotic bacteria in different insects are diverse [ 11 ]. Symbiotic bacteria associated with several Monochamus species, mainly Monochamus galloprovincialis in Europe and M. alternatus in East Asia, have been described [ 5 , 7 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, the bacterial community mainly composed of Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Vibrionales, and Oceanospirillales in the trachea of M. galloprovincialis and M. alternatus has been reported [ 30 ].…”

“…To date, there are few studies focused on the intestinal bacteria of M. alternatus . The community structure of intestinal bacteria in M. alternatus among different larval instars [ 31 ] and differences in the composition of bacterial communities in the midgut and hindgut of larvae and adults of M. alternatus fed natural or artificial diets [ 7 ] have been described based on high-throughput pyrosequencing.…”

Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pinewood nematode insect vector Monochamus alternatus Hope and the host tree Pinus massoniana

“…The microbiomes in plants, insects and soil make up an aboveground-belowground microbiota environment, it has become a hotspot to study the role of changes in these microbiomes in theses interactions [13][14][15]. Many studies have investigated the associations between the bacterial communities of pinewood nematode, pine trees, and insect vectors, including various instars of M. alternatus [16]; M. alternatus and M. galloprovincialis adults [17,18]; M. galloprovincialis and pinewood nematode [1,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]; Pinus trees [28][29][30][31]; pinewood nematode and infected Pinus trees [32,33]; pinewood nematode, infected Pinus pinaster trees, and the vector M. galloprovincialis [34]; and the soil of infected Pinus trees [35]. However, few studies have analyzed the associations between the bacterial communities of the insect vector M. alternatus, host tree P. massoniana (pines), and soil.…”

Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pinewood nematode insect vector Monochamus alternatus Hope and the host tree Pinus massoniana

“…The microbiomes in plants, insects and soil make up an aboveground-belowground microbiota environment, it has become a hotspot to study the role of changes in these microbiomes in theses interactions [13][14][15]. Many studies have investigated the associations between the bacterial communities of pinewood nematode, pine trees, and insect vectors, including various instars of M. alternatus [16]; M. alternatus and M. galloprovincialis adults [17,18]; M. galloprovincialis and pinewood nematode [1,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]…”