Bacterial community diversity associated with blood cockle (Anadara granosa) in Penang, Malaysia

Abstract

Bacterial communities of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) collected from wet market across Penang, Malaysia, were examined using a cultivation method. This study aimed to describe the major abundance of blood cockle bacteria and its relationship with different sampling locations. 16S rRNA gene analysis and culturable bacterial numbers were found to be slightly different between samples in two different locations potentially due to management, handling, transport and storage practices by the farmers, distributors and retailers. Results from this study indicated that most of bacteria found were typically present in blood cockles. The results revealed that there were slight similarities between sampling times; and slight differences on bacterial numbers between two different sampling locations. Based on the results, the blood cockle microbial communities comprised of members of the genera Klebsiella and Bacillus, which are greatly predominant, with highly dynamic of bacterial communities. Other bacterial genera found were E.coli, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. The overall data demonstrated dynamic bacterial communities in blood cockles (Anadara granosa) and its diversity.

The potential use of prodigiosin as a shrimp feed additive and its dynamic influence on the shrimp gut microbial community – an in vitro gut model

“…PRIMER6 and PERMANOVA+ (version 6.1.12 and version 1.0.2; Primer-E, Ivybridge, UK) respectively were used for the analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Anderson et al, 2005), and Multidimensional scaling (MDS) (Zarkasi et al, 2019) to assess the influence of prodigiosin as a feed additive on the microbial community compositions. ANOVA was conducted using default settings with 9999 permutations, while MDS was conducted using default settings.…”

“…ANOVA was conducted using default settings with 9999 permutations, while MDS was conducted using default settings. The ANOVA derived significance values were considered significant when P<0.05, while 0.01<P<0.05 were considered only marginally significant (Zarkasi et al, 2019).…”

The Role of Calcium Ions to Improve Activity of Chitinase Isolated from Vibrio sp.

“…The solid medium was made for the propagation of Vibrio bacteria in a petri dish (Pyrex 3160-100), wherein how to make it followed previous work by Zarkasi et al (2019) with some modification. Nutrient composition so that TCBSA (Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar, Oxoid, United Kingdom) for 1 L was needed as much as 88 g so that for making solid medium as much as 20 mL it was needed TCBSA as much as 1.76 g and chitin (Oxoid, United Kingdom) as much as 0.4 g. Nutrients to be dissolved in distilled water to a volume of 20 mL, heated to boiling for 10 min then put 10 mL each into petri dish that has been sterilized in an autoclave (All-American 25×, USA) at 121 o C, pressure 1.5 atm for 15 min (1 atm = 101 325 Pa).…”

Metagenomic data on Anadara granosa associated bacterial communities using culture dependent approaches and 16S rRNA sequencing

“…This methodology become popular mainly to understand the bacterial community diversity in the environments, animals and plants. Culture dependent approach is a traditional way to understand the bacterial communities and it allows to access culturable bacteria in the most habitats [2] , while culture independent approach such as 16S rRNA sequencing allows to identify unculturable bacteria that may count >90% of the bacterial population, who are may unnoticed and not yet identified [3] . This methodology will be allowed to further study, understanding and manipulating bacterial communities present in the environment, animals and plants.…”