Bacterial Counts in Bedding Materials Used on Nine Commercial Dairies

Hogan, J.S.; Smith, Kenneth L.; Hoblet, Kent H.; Todhunter, D.A.; Schoenberger, P.S.; Hueston, William D.; Pritchard, Dave; Bowman, G. L.; Heider, Lawrence E.; Brockett, B. L.; Conrad, H.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(89)79103-7

Cited by 190 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Results of previous studies demonstrate that concentration of coliforms (especially Klebsiella spp) is greater in sawdust bedding than other bedding materials (Hogan et al, 1989;Hogan & Smith, 1997).…”

Section: Factors Associated With Bedding Bacterial Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of this study indicate that cows housed in the CBP are exposed to a contaminated surface, which might increase the pressure of intramammary infection if there is a transfer of pathogens to the teat skin (Rendos, Eberhart, & Kesler, 1975;Hogan et al, 1989). Bedding characteristics such as moisture and particle size, which could influence bedding adhesion to cows, need to be studied to assess the risk of mastitis in the CBP.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Bedding Bacterial Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Trends and Associations between Compost Bedding Characteristics and Bedding Bacterial Concentrations

Favero¹,

Portilho²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2015

JAS

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The objectives were to quantify bedding concentrations of total bacteria and selected groups of mastitis pathogens (coliforms and streptococci), to identify bedding factors associated with these bacterial populations, and to describe longitudinal variation of bedding characteristics. Bedding samples from the superficial and deep (20 cm) layers were collected biweekly during 1 year from 3 compost bedded pack (CBP) dairies. Bedding bacterial concentrations and physical-chemical characteristics (moisture, organic matter, carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH, and density) were determined. Mixed models were used to identify predictors for bacterial concentrations. Shewhart control charts were produced to describe longitudinal variation of bedding characteristics and define alerts of out-of-control variation. Bedding temperature was greater in the deep layer than on the surface (difference = 27.0, 12.1, and 14.4 °C for farms A, B and C, respectively). Except for farm B, bacterial concentrations were greater on the surface than in the deep layer. Organic matter and dry density were associated with concentration of total bacteria and coliforms. For all farms, C/N (positive association) and dry density (negative association) were associated with bedding concentration of streptococci. Deep temperature and moisture remained within the control limits defined in farm A and B during most of the period, whereas 7 and 9 alerts for temperature and moisture were observed on farm C, respectively. For all farms, organic matter, C/N, and pH exhibited great variation, resulting in several out-of-control alerts. Results of this study can be used to manage the CBP towards reducing cows' exposure to mastitis pathogens.

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Section: Factors Associated With Bedding Bacterial Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Associated With Bedding Bacterial Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Trends and Associations between Compost Bedding Characteristics and Bedding Bacterial Concentrations

Favero¹,

Portilho²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2015

JAS

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“…Coliforms and streptococci other than S. agalactiae accounted for 94% of the major pathogen infections (Oliver, 1988). Contagious pathogens were isolated only in 3.4% of clinical mastitis cases in well-managed herds (Hogan et al, 1989). It has been estimated that contagious mastitis pathogens represent less than one third of all mastitis cases compared to > 75% of all cases 20 years ago (Hillerton et al, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bulk tank milk somatic cell count and sources of raw milk contamination with mastitis pathogens

Rysanek¹,

Babák²,

Zouharová³

2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The objective of this study was to probe the relationship between prevalence of selected principal mastitis pathogens and somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples. The sources of milk contamination were evaluated. The samples were collected from 298 dairy herds (with approximately 32 000 dairy cows). Only 48.3% of the bulk tank milk samples were free of contamination of pathogens of interest. Approximately 38.9% of the milk samples were contaminated with only one, 12.4% with two and 0.3% with three pathogens. The arithmetic mean of logarithmically transformed data of bulk tank milk somatic cell count rise in order: pathogen free, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (5.381; 5.413; 5.495; 5.518; 5.563, respectively). The arithmetic mean differences between bulk tank milk somatic cell counts in pathogen-free and single-pathogen contaminated samples have revealed a significance for the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus groups (P < 0.01). Using binary logistic regression, a statistically highly significant relationship (P < 0.001) has been found between the number of contaminations of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts. The relationship allows the determination of the probability of finding relevant mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk samples with different levels of bulk tank milk SCC. A 63% probability can be defined at a cell count level of 400 000/ml and 20% at a cell count level of 100 000/ml. Analysis may reveal the potential sources of the bulk tank milk sample contamination, i.e. infected mammary glands or the environment. The presence of high levels of contamination along with a low bulk tank SCC may suggest an environmental source of contamination. The study clarified that a potential source of bulk tank milk contamination by relevant pathogens (the environment or the mammary gland) may be elucidated and the probability of the contamination of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens predicted by the analysis of relationship between the bulk tank milk somatic cell counts and the number of mastitis pathogen contaminations.

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“…Sources of Klebsiella spp. in dairy operations include organic bedding material such as wood by-products (16). In addition, fecal shedding by cows contributes to the presence of a large variety of K. pneumoniae strains in dairy herds (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of TwoKlebsiella pneumoniaeMastitis Outbreaks on a Dairy Farm in New York State

et al. 2007

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Klebsiella spp. have become an important cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cows in New York State. We describe the occurrence of two Klebsiella mastitis outbreaks on a single dairy farm. Klebsiella isolates from milk, feces, and environmental sources were compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR typing. The first mastitis outbreak was caused by a single strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, RAPD type A, which was detected in milk from eight cows. RAPD type A was also isolated from the rubber liners of milking machine units after milking of infected cows and from bedding in the outbreak pen. Predominance of a single strain could indicate contagious transmission of the organism or exposure of multiple cows to an environmental point source. No new cases with RAPD type A were observed after implementation of intervention measures that targeted the prevention of transmission via the milking machine as well as improvement of environmental hygiene. A second outbreak of Klebsiella mastitis that occurred several weeks later was caused by multiple RAPD types, which rules out contagious transmission and indicates opportunistic infections originating from the environment. The diversity of Klebsiella strains as quantified with Simpson's index of discrimination was significantly higher for isolates from fecal, feed, and water samples than for isolates from milk samples. Several isolates from bedding material that had the phenotypic appearance of Klebsiella spp. were identified as being Raoultella planticola and Raoultella terrigena based on rpoB sequencing.

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Bacterial Counts in Bedding Materials Used on Nine Commercial Dairies

Cited by 190 publications

References 16 publications

Longitudinal Trends and Associations between Compost Bedding Characteristics and Bedding Bacterial Concentrations

Longitudinal Trends and Associations between Compost Bedding Characteristics and Bedding Bacterial Concentrations

Bulk tank milk somatic cell count and sources of raw milk contamination with mastitis pathogens

Molecular Epidemiology of TwoKlebsiella pneumoniaeMastitis Outbreaks on a Dairy Farm in New York State

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